Updated Smarty to 4.3.0. And the FlatPress-specific Smarty plugins now have their own directory, represented by the new constant FP_SMARTYPLUGINS_DIR.

This commit is contained in:
azett 2022-12-11 13:30:29 +01:00
parent 5697a82aec
commit 1c6b423e48
494 changed files with 15157 additions and 651 deletions

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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class AdminPanel {
var $actionpanel = null;
function __construct(&$smarty) {
$this->smarty = & $smarty;
$this->smarty = &$smarty;
if (!$this->panelname)
trigger_error("Variable \$panelname is not defined!", E_USER_ERROR);
@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class AdminPanelAction {
var $langres = '';
function __construct(&$smarty) {
$this->smarty = & $smarty;
$this->smarty = &$smarty;
$the_action_panel = get_class($this);
$this->smarty->assign('admin_panel_id', $the_action_panel);
if (!$this->langres)
@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ class AdminPanelActionValidated extends AdminPanelAction {
list ($vid, $field, $validatorname, $empty, $halt, $funcs) = $valid_arr;
$includepath = SMARTY_DIR . 'plugins/';
$includepath = FP_SMARTYPLUGINS_DIR;
$string = @$_POST [$field];

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@ -62,7 +62,10 @@ define('FP_INCLUDES', 'fp-includes/');
// core include scripts
define('INCLUDES_DIR', FP_INCLUDES . 'core/');
// smarty engine
define('SMARTY_DIR', ABS_PATH . FP_INCLUDES . 'smarty-4.2.1/libs/');
// define('SMARTY_DIR', ABS_PATH . FP_INCLUDES . 'smarty-4.2.1/libs/');
define('SMARTY_DIR', ABS_PATH . FP_INCLUDES . 'smarty-4.3.0/libs/');
// FlatPress specific Smarty plugins
define('FP_SMARTYPLUGINS_DIR', ABS_PATH . FP_INCLUDES . 'fp-smartyplugins/');
define('FP_INTERFACE', 'fp-interface/');
// theme dir

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@ -3,10 +3,14 @@
// includes.php
// this is just a list of all the standard includes
require_once INCLUDES_DIR . 'core.utils.php';
// intialize Smarty
utils_checksmarty();
require (SMARTY_DIR . 'Smarty.class.php');
$smarty = new Smarty();
$_FP_SMARTY = &$smarty;
// add plugin dir for FlatPress-specific Smarty plugins
$smarty->addPluginsDir(FP_SMARTYPLUGINS_DIR);
// WordPress plugin system
require_once INCLUDES_DIR . 'core.wp-plugin-interface.php';

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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
<?php
/*
* Smarty plugin
* -------------------------------------------------------------
* File: function.toolbar.php
* Type: function
* Name: editortop
* Purpose: outputs a random magic answer
* -------------------------------------------------------------
*/
function smarty_function_toolbar($params, &$smarty)
{
do_action('editor_toolbar');
}
?>

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@ -1,395 +0,0 @@
<?php
/**
* Smarty plugin
*
* @package Smarty
* @subpackage PluginsFunction
*/
/**
* Smarty {html_select_date} plugin
* Type: function
* Name: html_select_date
* Purpose: Prints the dropdowns for date selection.
* ChangeLog:
*
* - 1.0 initial release
* - 1.1 added support for +/- N syntax for begin
* and end year values. (Monte)
* - 1.2 added support for yyyy-mm-dd syntax for
* time value. (Jan Rosier)
* - 1.3 added support for choosing format for
* month values (Gary Loescher)
* - 1.3.1 added support for choosing format for
* day values (Marcus Bointon)
* - 1.3.2 support negative timestamps, force year
* dropdown to include given date unless explicitly set (Monte)
* - 1.3.4 fix behaviour of 0000-00-00 00:00:00 dates to match that
* of 0000-00-00 dates (cybot, boots)
* - 2.0 complete rewrite for performance,
* added attributes month_names, *_id
*
* @link https://www.smarty.net/manual/en/language.function.html.select.date.php {html_select_date}
* (Smarty online manual)
* @version 2.0
* @author Andrei Zmievski
* @author Monte Ohrt <monte at ohrt dot com>
* @author Rodney Rehm
*
* @param array $params parameters
*
* @param \Smarty_Internal_Template $template
*
* @return string
* @throws \SmartyException
*/
function smarty_function_html_select_date($params, Smarty_Internal_Template $template)
{
$template->_checkPlugins(
array(
array(
'function' => 'smarty_function_escape_special_chars',
'file' => SMARTY_PLUGINS_DIR . 'shared.escape_special_chars.php'
)
)
);
// generate timestamps used for month names only
static $_month_timestamps = null;
static $_current_year = null;
if ($_month_timestamps === null) {
$_current_year = date('Y');
$_month_timestamps = array();
for ($i = 1; $i <= 12; $i++) {
$_month_timestamps[ $i ] = mktime(0, 0, 0, $i, 1, 2000);
}
}
/* Default values. */
$prefix = 'Date_';
$start_year = null;
$end_year = null;
$display_days = true;
$display_months = true;
$display_years = true;
$month_format = '%B';
/* Write months as numbers by default GL */
$month_value_format = '%m';
$day_format = '%02d';
/* Write day values using this format MB */
$day_value_format = '%d';
$year_as_text = false;
/* Display years in reverse order? Ie. 2000,1999,.... */
$reverse_years = false;
/* Should the select boxes be part of an array when returned from PHP?
e.g. setting it to "birthday", would create "birthday[Day]",
"birthday[Month]" & "birthday[Year]". Can be combined with prefix */
$field_array = null;
/* <select size>'s of the different <select> tags.
If not set, uses default dropdown. */
$day_size = null;
$month_size = null;
$year_size = null;
/* Unparsed attributes common to *ALL* the <select>/<input> tags.
An example might be in the template: all_extra ='class ="foo"'. */
$all_extra = null;
/* Separate attributes for the tags. */
$day_extra = null;
$month_extra = null;
$year_extra = null;
/* Order in which to display the fields.
"D" -> day, "M" -> month, "Y" -> year. */
$field_order = 'MDY';
/* String printed between the different fields. */
$field_separator = "\n";
$option_separator = "\n";
$time = null;
// $all_empty = null;
// $day_empty = null;
// $month_empty = null;
// $year_empty = null;
$extra_attrs = '';
$all_id = null;
$day_id = null;
$month_id = null;
$year_id = null;
foreach ($params as $_key => $_value) {
switch ($_key) {
case 'time':
$$_key = $_value; // we'll handle conversion below
break;
case 'month_names':
if (is_array($_value) && count($_value) === 12) {
$$_key = $_value;
} else {
trigger_error('html_select_date: month_names must be an array of 12 strings', E_USER_NOTICE);
}
break;
case 'prefix':
case 'field_array':
case 'start_year':
case 'end_year':
case 'day_format':
case 'day_value_format':
case 'month_format':
case 'month_value_format':
case 'day_size':
case 'month_size':
case 'year_size':
case 'all_extra':
case 'day_extra':
case 'month_extra':
case 'year_extra':
case 'field_order':
case 'field_separator':
case 'option_separator':
case 'all_empty':
case 'month_empty':
case 'day_empty':
case 'year_empty':
case 'all_id':
case 'month_id':
case 'day_id':
case 'year_id':
$$_key = (string)$_value;
break;
case 'display_days':
case 'display_months':
case 'display_years':
case 'year_as_text':
case 'reverse_years':
$$_key = (bool)$_value;
break;
default:
if (!is_array($_value)) {
$extra_attrs .= ' ' . $_key . '="' . smarty_function_escape_special_chars($_value) . '"';
} else {
trigger_error("html_select_date: extra attribute '{$_key}' cannot be an array", E_USER_NOTICE);
}
break;
}
}
// Note: date() is faster than strftime()
// Note: explode(date()) is faster than date() date() date()
if (isset($time) && is_array($time)) {
if (isset($time[$prefix . 'Year'])) {
// $_REQUEST[$field_array] given
foreach ([
'Y' => 'Year',
'm' => 'Month',
'd' => 'Day'
] as $_elementKey => $_elementName) {
$_variableName = '_' . strtolower($_elementName);
$$_variableName =
isset($time[$prefix . $_elementName]) ? $time[$prefix . $_elementName] :
date($_elementKey);
}
} elseif (isset($time[$field_array][$prefix . 'Year'])) {
// $_REQUEST given
foreach ([
'Y' => 'Year',
'm' => 'Month',
'd' => 'Day'
] as $_elementKey => $_elementName) {
$_variableName = '_' . strtolower($_elementName);
$$_variableName = isset($time[$field_array][$prefix . $_elementName]) ?
$time[$field_array][$prefix . $_elementName] : date($_elementKey);
}
} else {
// no date found, use NOW
[$_year, $_month, $_day] = explode('-', date('Y-m-d'));
}
} elseif (isset($time) && preg_match("/(\d*)-(\d*)-(\d*)/", $time, $matches)) {
$_year = $_month = $_day = null;
if ($matches[1] > '') $_year = (int) $matches[1];
if ($matches[2] > '') $_month = (int) $matches[2];
if ($matches[3] > '') $_day = (int) $matches[3];
} elseif ($time === null) {
if (array_key_exists('time', $params)) {
$_year = $_month = $_day = null;
} else {
[$_year, $_month, $_day] = explode('-', date('Y-m-d'));
}
} else {
$template->_checkPlugins(
array(
array(
'function' => 'smarty_make_timestamp',
'file' => SMARTY_PLUGINS_DIR . 'shared.make_timestamp.php'
)
)
);
$time = smarty_make_timestamp($time);
[$_year, $_month, $_day] = explode('-', date('Y-m-d', $time));
}
// make syntax "+N" or "-N" work with $start_year and $end_year
// Note preg_match('!^(\+|\-)\s*(\d+)$!', $end_year, $match) is slower than trim+substr
foreach (array(
'start',
'end'
) as $key) {
$key .= '_year';
$t = $$key;
if ($t === null) {
$$key = (int)$_current_year;
} elseif ($t[ 0 ] === '+') {
$$key = (int)($_current_year + (int)trim(substr($t, 1)));
} elseif ($t[ 0 ] === '-') {
$$key = (int)($_current_year - (int)trim(substr($t, 1)));
} else {
$$key = (int)$$key;
}
}
// flip for ascending or descending
if (($start_year > $end_year && !$reverse_years) || ($start_year < $end_year && $reverse_years)) {
$t = $end_year;
$end_year = $start_year;
$start_year = $t;
}
// generate year <select> or <input>
if ($display_years) {
$_extra = '';
$_name = $field_array ? ($field_array . '[' . $prefix . 'Year]') : ($prefix . 'Year');
if ($all_extra) {
$_extra .= ' ' . $all_extra;
}
if ($year_extra) {
$_extra .= ' ' . $year_extra;
}
if ($year_as_text) {
$_html_years =
'<input type="text" name="' . $_name . '" value="' . $_year . '" size="4" maxlength="4"' . $_extra .
$extra_attrs . ' />';
} else {
$_html_years = '<select name="' . $_name . '"';
if ($year_id !== null || $all_id !== null) {
$_html_years .= ' id="' . smarty_function_escape_special_chars(
$year_id !== null ?
($year_id ? $year_id : $_name) :
($all_id ? ($all_id . $_name) :
$_name)
) . '"';
}
if ($year_size) {
$_html_years .= ' size="' . $year_size . '"';
}
$_html_years .= $_extra . $extra_attrs . '>' . $option_separator;
if (isset($year_empty) || isset($all_empty)) {
$_html_years .= '<option value="">' . (isset($year_empty) ? $year_empty : $all_empty) . '</option>' .
$option_separator;
}
$op = $start_year > $end_year ? -1 : 1;
for ($i = $start_year; $op > 0 ? $i <= $end_year : $i >= $end_year; $i += $op) {
$_html_years .= '<option value="' . $i . '"' . ($_year == $i ? ' selected="selected"' : '') . '>' . $i .
'</option>' . $option_separator;
}
$_html_years .= '</select>';
}
}
// generate month <select> or <input>
if ($display_months) {
$_extra = '';
$_name = $field_array ? ($field_array . '[' . $prefix . 'Month]') : ($prefix . 'Month');
if ($all_extra) {
$_extra .= ' ' . $all_extra;
}
if ($month_extra) {
$_extra .= ' ' . $month_extra;
}
$_html_months = '<select name="' . $_name . '"';
if ($month_id !== null || $all_id !== null) {
$_html_months .= ' id="' . smarty_function_escape_special_chars(
$month_id !== null ?
($month_id ? $month_id : $_name) :
($all_id ? ($all_id . $_name) :
$_name)
) . '"';
}
if ($month_size) {
$_html_months .= ' size="' . $month_size . '"';
}
$_html_months .= $_extra . $extra_attrs . '>' . $option_separator;
if (isset($month_empty) || isset($all_empty)) {
$_html_months .= '<option value="">' . (isset($month_empty) ? $month_empty : $all_empty) . '</option>' .
$option_separator;
}
for ($i = 1; $i <= 12; $i++) {
$_val = sprintf('%02d', $i);
$_text = isset($month_names) ? smarty_function_escape_special_chars($month_names[ $i ]) :
($month_format === '%m' ? $_val : strftime($month_format, $_month_timestamps[ $i ]));
$_value = $month_value_format === '%m' ? $_val : strftime($month_value_format, $_month_timestamps[ $i ]);
$_html_months .= '<option value="' . $_value . '"' . ($_val == $_month ? ' selected="selected"' : '') .
'>' . $_text . '</option>' . $option_separator;
}
$_html_months .= '</select>';
}
// generate day <select> or <input>
if ($display_days) {
$_extra = '';
$_name = $field_array ? ($field_array . '[' . $prefix . 'Day]') : ($prefix . 'Day');
if ($all_extra) {
$_extra .= ' ' . $all_extra;
}
if ($day_extra) {
$_extra .= ' ' . $day_extra;
}
$_html_days = '<select name="' . $_name . '"';
if ($day_id !== null || $all_id !== null) {
$_html_days .= ' id="' .
smarty_function_escape_special_chars(
$day_id !== null ? ($day_id ? $day_id : $_name) :
($all_id ? ($all_id . $_name) : $_name)
) . '"';
}
if ($day_size) {
$_html_days .= ' size="' . $day_size . '"';
}
$_html_days .= $_extra . $extra_attrs . '>' . $option_separator;
if (isset($day_empty) || isset($all_empty)) {
$_html_days .= '<option value="">' . (isset($day_empty) ? $day_empty : $all_empty) . '</option>' .
$option_separator;
}
for ($i = 1; $i <= 31; $i++) {
$_val = sprintf('%02d', $i);
$_text = $day_format === '%02d' ? $_val : sprintf($day_format, $i);
$_value = $day_value_format === '%02d' ? $_val : sprintf($day_value_format, $i);
$_html_days .= '<option value="' . $_value . '"' . ($_val == $_day ? ' selected="selected"' : '') . '>' .
$_text . '</option>' . $option_separator;
}
$_html_days .= '</select>';
}
// order the fields for output
$_html = '';
for ($i = 0; $i <= 2; $i++) {
switch ($field_order[ $i ]) {
case 'Y':
case 'y':
if (isset($_html_years)) {
if ($_html) {
$_html .= $field_separator;
}
$_html .= $_html_years;
}
break;
case 'm':
case 'M':
if (isset($_html_months)) {
if ($_html) {
$_html .= $field_separator;
}
$_html .= $_html_months;
}
break;
case 'd':
case 'D':
if (isset($_html_days)) {
if ($_html) {
$_html .= $field_separator;
}
$_html .= $_html_days;
}
break;
}
}
return $_html;
}

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@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
<?php
/**
* Smarty compiler exception class
*
* @package Smarty
*/
class SmartyCompilerException extends SmartyException
{
/**
* @return string
*/
public function __toString()
{
return ' --> Smarty Compiler: ' . $this->message . ' <-- ';
}
/**
* @param int $line
*/
public function setLine($line)
{
$this->line = $line;
}
/**
* The template source snippet relating to the error
*
* @type string|null
*/
public $source = null;
/**
* The raw text of the error message
*
* @type string|null
*/
public $desc = null;
/**
* The resource identifier or template name
*
* @type string|null
*/
public $template = null;
}

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@ -6,14 +6,36 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
## [Unreleased]
## [4.3.0] - 2022-11-22
### Added
- PHP8.2 compatibility [#775](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/775)
### Changed
- Include docs and demo in the releases [#799](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/799)
- Using PHP functions as modifiers now triggers a deprecation notice because we will drop support for this in the next major release [#813](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/813)
- Dropped remaining references to removed PHP-support in Smarty 4 from docs, lexer and security class. [#816](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/816)
- Support umask when writing (template) files and set dir permissions to 777 [#548](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/548) [#819](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/819)
### Fixed
- Output buffer is now cleaned for internal PHP errors as well, not just for Exceptions [#514](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/514)
- Fixed recursion and out of memory errors when caching in complicated template set-ups using inheritance and includes [#801](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/801)
- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation errors in strip_tags
- Fix Variable Usage in Exception message when unable to load subtemplate [#808](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/808)
- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation notices for strftime [#672](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/672)
- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation errors passing null to parameter in trim [#807](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/807)
- Adapt Smarty upper/lower functions to be codesafe (e.g. for Turkish locale) [#586](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/586)
- Bug fix for underscore and limited length in template name in custom resources [#581](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/581)
## [4.2.1] - 2022-09-14
### Security
- Applied appropriate javascript and html escaping in mailto plugin to counter injection attacks [#454](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/454)
### Fixed
- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation errors in modifiers (upper, explode, number_format and replace) [#755](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/755) and [#788](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/788)
- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation errors in capitalize modifier [#789](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/789)
- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation notices in modifiers (upper, explode, number_format and replace) [#755](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/755) and [#788](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/pull/788)
- Fixed PHP8.1 deprecation notices in capitalize modifier [#789](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/789)
- Fixed use of `rand()` without a parameter in math function [#794](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/794)
- Fixed unselected year/month/day not working in html_select_date [#395](https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty/issues/395)

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ Smarty is a template engine for PHP, facilitating the separation of presentation
Read the [documentation](https://smarty-php.github.io/smarty/) to find out how to use it.
## Requirements
Smarty can be run with PHP 7.1 to PHP 8.1.
Smarty can be run with PHP 7.1 to PHP 8.2.
## Installation
Smarty versions 3.1.11 or later can be installed with [Composer](https://getcomposer.org/).

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@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
title = Welcome to Smarty!
cutoff_size = 40
[setup]
bold = true

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@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
<?php
/**
* Example Application
*
* @package Example-application
*/
require '../libs/Smarty.class.php';
$smarty = new Smarty;
//$smarty->force_compile = true;
$smarty->debugging = true;
$smarty->caching = true;
$smarty->cache_lifetime = 120;
$smarty->assign("Name", "Fred Irving Johnathan Bradley Peppergill", true);
$smarty->assign("FirstName", array("John", "Mary", "James", "Henry"));
$smarty->assign("LastName", array("Doe", "Smith", "Johnson", "Case"));
$smarty->assign(
"Class",
array(
array("A", "B", "C", "D"),
array("E", "F", "G", "H"),
array("I", "J", "K", "L"),
array("M", "N", "O", "P")
)
);
$smarty->assign(
"contacts",
array(
array("phone" => "1", "fax" => "2", "cell" => "3"),
array("phone" => "555-4444", "fax" => "555-3333", "cell" => "760-1234")
)
);
$smarty->assign("option_values", array("NY", "NE", "KS", "IA", "OK", "TX"));
$smarty->assign("option_output", array("New York", "Nebraska", "Kansas", "Iowa", "Oklahoma", "Texas"));
$smarty->assign("option_selected", "NE");
$smarty->display('index.tpl');

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@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
<?php
/**
* APC CacheResource
* CacheResource Implementation based on the KeyValueStore API to use
* memcache as the storage resource for Smarty's output caching.
* *
*
* @package CacheResource-examples
* @author Uwe Tews
*/
class Smarty_CacheResource_Apc extends Smarty_CacheResource_KeyValueStore
{
/**
* Smarty_CacheResource_Apc constructor.
*
* @throws \Exception
*/
public function __construct()
{
// test if APC is present
if (!function_exists('apc_cache_info')) {
throw new Exception('APC Template Caching Error: APC is not installed');
}
}
/**
* Read values for a set of keys from cache
*
* @param array $keys list of keys to fetch
*
* @return array list of values with the given keys used as indexes
* @return boolean true on success, false on failure
*/
protected function read(array $keys)
{
$_res = array();
$res = apc_fetch($keys);
foreach ($res as $k => $v) {
$_res[ $k ] = $v;
}
return $_res;
}
/**
* Save values for a set of keys to cache
*
* @param array $keys list of values to save
* @param int $expire expiration time
*
* @return boolean true on success, false on failure
*/
protected function write(array $keys, $expire = null)
{
foreach ($keys as $k => $v) {
apc_store($k, $v, $expire);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Remove values from cache
*
* @param array $keys list of keys to delete
*
* @return boolean true on success, false on failure
*/
protected function delete(array $keys)
{
foreach ($keys as $k) {
apc_delete($k);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Remove *all* values from cache
*
* @return boolean true on success, false on failure
*/
protected function purge()
{
return apc_clear_cache('user');
}
}

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@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
<?php
/**
* Memcache CacheResource
* CacheResource Implementation based on the KeyValueStore API to use
* memcache as the storage resource for Smarty's output caching.
* Note that memcache has a limitation of 256 characters per cache-key.
* To avoid complications all cache-keys are translated to a sha1 hash.
*
* @package CacheResource-examples
* @author Rodney Rehm
*/
class Smarty_CacheResource_Memcache extends Smarty_CacheResource_KeyValueStore
{
/**
* memcache instance
*
* @var Memcache
*/
protected $memcache = null;
/**
* Smarty_CacheResource_Memcache constructor.
*/
public function __construct()
{
if (class_exists('Memcached')) {
$this->memcache = new Memcached();
} else {
$this->memcache = new Memcache();
}
$this->memcache->addServer('127.0.0.1', 11211);
}
/**
* Read values for a set of keys from cache
*
* @param array $keys list of keys to fetch
*
* @return array list of values with the given keys used as indexes
* @return boolean true on success, false on failure
*/
protected function read(array $keys)
{
$res = array();
foreach ($keys as $key) {
$k = sha1($key);
$res[$key] = $this->memcache->get($k);
}
return $res;
}
/**
* Save values for a set of keys to cache
*
* @param array $keys list of values to save
* @param int $expire expiration time
*
* @return boolean true on success, false on failure
*/
protected function write(array $keys, $expire = null)
{
foreach ($keys as $k => $v) {
$k = sha1($k);
if (class_exists('Memcached')) {
$this->memcache->set($k, $v, $expire);
} else {
$this->memcache->set($k, $v, 0, $expire);
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Remove values from cache
*
* @param array $keys list of keys to delete
*
* @return boolean true on success, false on failure
*/
protected function delete(array $keys)
{
foreach ($keys as $k) {
$k = sha1($k);
$this->memcache->delete($k);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Remove *all* values from cache
*
* @return boolean true on success, false on failure
*/
protected function purge()
{
return $this->memcache->flush();
}
}

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<?php
/**
* MySQL CacheResource
* CacheResource Implementation based on the Custom API to use
* MySQL as the storage resource for Smarty's output caching.
* Table definition:
* <pre>CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `output_cache` (
* `id` CHAR(40) NOT NULL COMMENT 'sha1 hash',
* `name` VARCHAR(250) NOT NULL,
* `cache_id` VARCHAR(250) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
* `compile_id` VARCHAR(250) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
* `modified` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
* `content` LONGTEXT NOT NULL,
* PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
* INDEX(`name`),
* INDEX(`cache_id`),
* INDEX(`compile_id`),
* INDEX(`modified`)
* ) ENGINE = InnoDB;</pre>
*
* @package CacheResource-examples
* @author Rodney Rehm
*/
class Smarty_CacheResource_Mysql extends Smarty_CacheResource_Custom
{
/**
* @var \PDO
*/
protected $db;
/**
* @var \PDOStatement
*/
protected $fetch;
/**
* @var \PDOStatement
*/
protected $fetchTimestamp;
/**
* @var \PDOStatement
*/
protected $save;
/**
* Smarty_CacheResource_Mysql constructor.
*
* @throws \SmartyException
*/
public function __construct()
{
try {
$this->db = new PDO("mysql:dbname=test;host=127.0.0.1", "smarty");
} catch (PDOException $e) {
throw new SmartyException('Mysql Resource failed: ' . $e->getMessage());
}
$this->fetch = $this->db->prepare('SELECT modified, content FROM output_cache WHERE id = :id');
$this->fetchTimestamp = $this->db->prepare('SELECT modified FROM output_cache WHERE id = :id');
$this->save = $this->db->prepare(
'REPLACE INTO output_cache (id, name, cache_id, compile_id, content)
VALUES (:id, :name, :cache_id, :compile_id, :content)'
);
}
/**
* fetch cached content and its modification time from data source
*
* @param string $id unique cache content identifier
* @param string $name template name
* @param string $cache_id cache id
* @param string $compile_id compile id
* @param string $content cached content
* @param integer $mtime cache modification timestamp (epoch)
*
* @return void
*/
protected function fetch($id, $name, $cache_id, $compile_id, &$content, &$mtime)
{
$this->fetch->execute(array('id' => $id));
$row = $this->fetch->fetch();
$this->fetch->closeCursor();
if ($row) {
$content = $row[ 'content' ];
$mtime = strtotime($row[ 'modified' ]);
} else {
$content = null;
$mtime = null;
}
}
/**
* Fetch cached content's modification timestamp from data source
*
* @note implementing this method is optional. Only implement it if modification times can be accessed faster than
* loading the complete cached content.
*
* @param string $id unique cache content identifier
* @param string $name template name
* @param string $cache_id cache id
* @param string $compile_id compile id
*
* @return integer|boolean timestamp (epoch) the template was modified, or false if not found
*/
protected function fetchTimestamp($id, $name, $cache_id, $compile_id)
{
$this->fetchTimestamp->execute(array('id' => $id));
$mtime = strtotime($this->fetchTimestamp->fetchColumn());
$this->fetchTimestamp->closeCursor();
return $mtime;
}
/**
* Save content to cache
*
* @param string $id unique cache content identifier
* @param string $name template name
* @param string $cache_id cache id
* @param string $compile_id compile id
* @param integer|null $exp_time seconds till expiration time in seconds or null
* @param string $content content to cache
*
* @return boolean success
*/
protected function save($id, $name, $cache_id, $compile_id, $exp_time, $content)
{
$this->save->execute(
array('id' => $id,
'name' => $name,
'cache_id' => $cache_id,
'compile_id' => $compile_id,
'content' => $content,)
);
return !!$this->save->rowCount();
}
/**
* Delete content from cache
*
* @param string $name template name
* @param string $cache_id cache id
* @param string $compile_id compile id
* @param integer|null $exp_time seconds till expiration or null
*
* @return integer number of deleted caches
*/
protected function delete($name, $cache_id, $compile_id, $exp_time)
{
// delete the whole cache
if ($name === null && $cache_id === null && $compile_id === null && $exp_time === null) {
// returning the number of deleted caches would require a second query to count them
$query = $this->db->query('TRUNCATE TABLE output_cache');
return -1;
}
// build the filter
$where = array();
// equal test name
if ($name !== null) {
$where[] = 'name = ' . $this->db->quote($name);
}
// equal test compile_id
if ($compile_id !== null) {
$where[] = 'compile_id = ' . $this->db->quote($compile_id);
}
// range test expiration time
if ($exp_time !== null) {
$where[] = 'modified < DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL ' . intval($exp_time) . ' SECOND)';
}
// equal test cache_id and match sub-groups
if ($cache_id !== null) {
$where[] =
'(cache_id = ' .
$this->db->quote($cache_id) .
' OR cache_id LIKE ' .
$this->db->quote($cache_id . '|%') .
')';
}
// run delete query
$query = $this->db->query('DELETE FROM output_cache WHERE ' . join(' AND ', $where));
return $query->rowCount();
}
}

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<?php
/**
* PDO Cache Handler
* Allows you to store Smarty Cache files into your db.
* Example table :
* CREATE TABLE `smarty_cache` (
* `id` char(40) NOT NULL COMMENT 'sha1 hash',
* `name` varchar(250) NOT NULL,
* `cache_id` varchar(250) DEFAULT NULL,
* `compile_id` varchar(250) DEFAULT NULL,
* `modified` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
* `expire` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
* `content` mediumblob NOT NULL,
* PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
* KEY `name` (`name`),
* KEY `cache_id` (`cache_id`),
* KEY `compile_id` (`compile_id`),
* KEY `modified` (`modified`),
* KEY `expire` (`expire`)
* ) ENGINE=InnoDB
* Example usage :
* $cnx = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydb", "username", "password");
* $smarty->setCachingType('pdo');
* $smarty->loadPlugin('Smarty_CacheResource_Pdo');
* $smarty->registerCacheResource('pdo', new Smarty_CacheResource_Pdo($cnx, 'smarty_cache'));
*
* @author Beno!t POLASZEK - 2014
*/
class Smarty_CacheResource_Pdo extends Smarty_CacheResource_Custom
{
/**
* @var string[]
*/
protected $fetchStatements = array('default' => 'SELECT %2$s
FROM %1$s
WHERE 1
AND id = :id
AND cache_id IS NULL
AND compile_id IS NULL',
'withCacheId' => 'SELECT %2$s
FROM %1$s
WHERE 1
AND id = :id
AND cache_id = :cache_id
AND compile_id IS NULL',
'withCompileId' => 'SELECT %2$s
FROM %1$s
WHERE 1
AND id = :id
AND compile_id = :compile_id
AND cache_id IS NULL',
'withCacheIdAndCompileId' => 'SELECT %2$s
FROM %1$s
WHERE 1
AND id = :id
AND cache_id = :cache_id
AND compile_id = :compile_id');
/**
* @var string
*/
protected $insertStatement = 'INSERT INTO %s
SET id = :id,
name = :name,
cache_id = :cache_id,
compile_id = :compile_id,
modified = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
expire = DATE_ADD(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL :expire SECOND),
content = :content
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
name = :name,
cache_id = :cache_id,
compile_id = :compile_id,
modified = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
expire = DATE_ADD(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL :expire SECOND),
content = :content';
/**
* @var string
*/
protected $deleteStatement = 'DELETE FROM %1$s WHERE %2$s';
/**
* @var string
*/
protected $truncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE %s';
/**
* @var string
*/
protected $fetchColumns = 'modified, content';
/**
* @var string
*/
protected $fetchTimestampColumns = 'modified';
/**
* @var \PDO
*/
protected $pdo;
/**
* @var
*/
protected $table;
/**
* @var null
*/
protected $database;
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param PDO $pdo PDO : active connection
* @param string $table : table (or view) name
* @param string $database : optional - if table is located in another db
*
* @throws \SmartyException
*/
public function __construct(PDO $pdo, $table, $database = null)
{
if (is_null($table)) {
throw new SmartyException("Table name for caching can't be null");
}
$this->pdo = $pdo;
$this->table = $table;
$this->database = $database;
$this->fillStatementsWithTableName();
}
/**
* Fills the table name into the statements.
*
* @return $this Current Instance
* @access protected
*/
protected function fillStatementsWithTableName()
{
foreach ($this->fetchStatements as &$statement) {
$statement = sprintf($statement, $this->getTableName(), '%s');
}
$this->insertStatement = sprintf($this->insertStatement, $this->getTableName());
$this->deleteStatement = sprintf($this->deleteStatement, $this->getTableName(), '%s');
$this->truncateStatement = sprintf($this->truncateStatement, $this->getTableName());
return $this;
}
/**
* Gets the fetch statement, depending on what you specify
*
* @param string $columns : the column(s) name(s) you want to retrieve from the database
* @param string $id unique cache content identifier
* @param string|null $cache_id cache id
* @param string|null $compile_id compile id
*
* @access protected
* @return \PDOStatement
*/
protected function getFetchStatement($columns, $id, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null)
{
$args = array();
if (!is_null($cache_id) && !is_null($compile_id)) {
$query = $this->fetchStatements[ 'withCacheIdAndCompileId' ] and
$args = array('id' => $id, 'cache_id' => $cache_id, 'compile_id' => $compile_id);
} elseif (is_null($cache_id) && !is_null($compile_id)) {
$query = $this->fetchStatements[ 'withCompileId' ] and
$args = array('id' => $id, 'compile_id' => $compile_id);
} elseif (!is_null($cache_id) && is_null($compile_id)) {
$query = $this->fetchStatements[ 'withCacheId' ] and $args = array('id' => $id, 'cache_id' => $cache_id);
} else {
$query = $this->fetchStatements[ 'default' ] and $args = array('id' => $id);
}
$query = sprintf($query, $columns);
$stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($query);
foreach ($args as $key => $value) {
$stmt->bindValue($key, $value);
}
return $stmt;
}
/**
* fetch cached content and its modification time from data source
*
* @param string $id unique cache content identifier
* @param string $name template name
* @param string|null $cache_id cache id
* @param string|null $compile_id compile id
* @param string $content cached content
* @param integer $mtime cache modification timestamp (epoch)
*
* @return void
* @access protected
*/
protected function fetch($id, $name, $cache_id, $compile_id, &$content, &$mtime)
{
$stmt = $this->getFetchStatement($this->fetchColumns, $id, $cache_id, $compile_id);
$stmt->execute();
$row = $stmt->fetch();
$stmt->closeCursor();
if ($row) {
$content = $this->outputContent($row[ 'content' ]);
$mtime = strtotime($row[ 'modified' ]);
} else {
$content = null;
$mtime = null;
}
}
/**
* Fetch cached content's modification timestamp from data source
* {@internal implementing this method is optional.
* Only implement it if modification times can be accessed faster than loading the complete cached content.}}
*
* @param string $id unique cache content identifier
* @param string $name template name
* @param string|null $cache_id cache id
* @param string|null $compile_id compile id
*
* @return integer|boolean timestamp (epoch) the template was modified, or false if not found
* @access protected
*/
// protected function fetchTimestamp($id, $name, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null) {
// $stmt = $this->getFetchStatement($this->fetchTimestampColumns, $id, $cache_id, $compile_id);
// $stmt -> execute();
// $mtime = strtotime($stmt->fetchColumn());
// $stmt -> closeCursor();
// return $mtime;
// }
/**
* Save content to cache
*
* @param string $id unique cache content identifier
* @param string $name template name
* @param string|null $cache_id cache id
* @param string|null $compile_id compile id
* @param integer|null $exp_time seconds till expiration time in seconds or null
* @param string $content content to cache
*
* @return boolean success
* @access protected
*/
protected function save($id, $name, $cache_id, $compile_id, $exp_time, $content)
{
$stmt = $this->pdo->prepare($this->insertStatement);
$stmt->bindValue('id', $id);
$stmt->bindValue('name', $name);
$stmt->bindValue('cache_id', $cache_id, (is_null($cache_id)) ? PDO::PARAM_NULL : PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindValue('compile_id', $compile_id, (is_null($compile_id)) ? PDO::PARAM_NULL : PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindValue('expire', (int)$exp_time, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->bindValue('content', $this->inputContent($content));
$stmt->execute();
return !!$stmt->rowCount();
}
/**
* Encodes the content before saving to database
*
* @param string $content
*
* @return string $content
* @access protected
*/
protected function inputContent($content)
{
return $content;
}
/**
* Decodes the content before saving to database
*
* @param string $content
*
* @return string $content
* @access protected
*/
protected function outputContent($content)
{
return $content;
}
/**
* Delete content from cache
*
* @param string|null $name template name
* @param string|null $cache_id cache id
* @param string|null $compile_id compile id
* @param integer|null|-1 $exp_time seconds till expiration or null
*
* @return integer number of deleted caches
* @access protected
*/
protected function delete($name = null, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $exp_time = null)
{
// delete the whole cache
if ($name === null && $cache_id === null && $compile_id === null && $exp_time === null) {
// returning the number of deleted caches would require a second query to count them
$this->pdo->query($this->truncateStatement);
return -1;
}
// build the filter
$where = array();
// equal test name
if ($name !== null) {
$where[] = 'name = ' . $this->pdo->quote($name);
}
// equal test cache_id and match sub-groups
if ($cache_id !== null) {
$where[] =
'(cache_id = ' .
$this->pdo->quote($cache_id) .
' OR cache_id LIKE ' .
$this->pdo->quote($cache_id . '|%') .
')';
}
// equal test compile_id
if ($compile_id !== null) {
$where[] = 'compile_id = ' . $this->pdo->quote($compile_id);
}
// for clearing expired caches
if ($exp_time === Smarty::CLEAR_EXPIRED) {
$where[] = 'expire < CURRENT_TIMESTAMP';
} // range test expiration time
elseif ($exp_time !== null) {
$where[] = 'modified < DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL ' . intval($exp_time) . ' SECOND)';
}
// run delete query
$query = $this->pdo->query(sprintf($this->deleteStatement, join(' AND ', $where)));
return $query->rowCount();
}
/**
* Gets the formatted table name
*
* @return string
* @access protected
*/
protected function getTableName()
{
return (is_null($this->database)) ? "`{$this->table}`" : "`{$this->database}`.`{$this->table}`";
}
}

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<?php
require_once 'cacheresource.pdo.php';
/**
* PDO Cache Handler with GZIP support
* Example usage :
* $cnx = new PDO("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydb", "username", "password");
* $smarty->setCachingType('pdo_gzip');
* $smarty->loadPlugin('Smarty_CacheResource_Pdo_Gzip');
* $smarty->registerCacheResource('pdo_gzip', new Smarty_CacheResource_Pdo_Gzip($cnx, 'smarty_cache'));
*
* @require Smarty_CacheResource_Pdo class
* @author Beno!t POLASZEK - 2014
*/
class Smarty_CacheResource_Pdo_Gzip extends Smarty_CacheResource_Pdo
{
/**
* Encodes the content before saving to database
*
* @param string $content
*
* @return string $content
* @access protected
*/
protected function inputContent($content)
{
return gzdeflate($content);
}
/**
* Decodes the content before saving to database
*
* @param string $content
*
* @return string $content
* @access protected
*/
protected function outputContent($content)
{
return gzinflate($content);
}
}

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<?php
/**
* Extends All Resource
* Resource Implementation modifying the extends-Resource to walk
* through the template_dirs and inherit all templates of the same name
*
* @package Resource-examples
* @author Rodney Rehm
*/
class Smarty_Resource_Extendsall extends Smarty_Internal_Resource_Extends
{
/**
* populate Source Object with meta data from Resource
*
* @param Smarty_Template_Source $source source object
* @param Smarty_Internal_Template $_template template object
*
* @return void
*/
public function populate(Smarty_Template_Source $source, Smarty_Internal_Template $_template = null)
{
$uid = '';
$sources = array();
$timestamp = 0;
foreach ($source->smarty->getTemplateDir() as $key => $directory) {
try {
$s = Smarty_Resource::source(null, $source->smarty, 'file:' . '[' . $key . ']' . $source->name);
if (!$s->exists) {
continue;
}
$sources[ $s->uid ] = $s;
$uid .= $s->filepath;
$timestamp = $s->timestamp > $timestamp ? $s->timestamp : $timestamp;
} catch (SmartyException $e) {
}
}
if (!$sources) {
$source->exists = false;
return;
}
$sources = array_reverse($sources, true);
reset($sources);
$s = current($sources);
$source->components = $sources;
$source->filepath = $s->filepath;
$source->uid = sha1($uid . $source->smarty->_joined_template_dir);
$source->exists = true;
$source->timestamp = $timestamp;
}
/**
* Disable timestamp checks for extendsall resource.
* The individual source components will be checked.
*
* @return bool false
*/
public function checkTimestamps()
{
return false;
}
}

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<?php
/**
* MySQL Resource
* Resource Implementation based on the Custom API to use
* MySQL as the storage resource for Smarty's templates and configs.
* Table definition:
* <pre>CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `templates` (
* `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
* `modified` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
* `source` text,
* PRIMARY KEY (`name`)
* ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</pre>
* Demo data:
* <pre>INSERT INTO `templates` (`name`, `modified`, `source`) VALUES ('test.tpl', "2010-12-25 22:00:00", '{$x="hello
* world"}{$x}');</pre>
*
*
* @package Resource-examples
* @author Rodney Rehm
*/
class Smarty_Resource_Mysql extends Smarty_Resource_Custom
{
/**
* PDO instance
*
* @var \PDO
*/
protected $db;
/**
* prepared fetch() statement
*
* @var \PDOStatement
*/
protected $fetch;
/**
* prepared fetchTimestamp() statement
*
* @var \PDOStatement
*/
protected $mtime;
/**
* Smarty_Resource_Mysql constructor.
*
* @throws \SmartyException
*/
public function __construct()
{
try {
$this->db = new PDO("mysql:dbname=test;host=127.0.0.1", "smarty");
} catch (PDOException $e) {
throw new SmartyException('Mysql Resource failed: ' . $e->getMessage());
}
$this->fetch = $this->db->prepare('SELECT modified, source FROM templates WHERE name = :name');
$this->mtime = $this->db->prepare('SELECT modified FROM templates WHERE name = :name');
}
/**
* Fetch a template and its modification time from database
*
* @param string $name template name
* @param string $source template source
* @param integer $mtime template modification timestamp (epoch)
*
* @return void
*/
protected function fetch($name, &$source, &$mtime)
{
$this->fetch->execute(array('name' => $name));
$row = $this->fetch->fetch();
$this->fetch->closeCursor();
if ($row) {
$source = $row[ 'source' ];
$mtime = strtotime($row[ 'modified' ]);
} else {
$source = null;
$mtime = null;
}
}
/**
* Fetch a template's modification time from database
*
* @note implementing this method is optional. Only implement it if modification times can be accessed faster than
* loading the comple template source.
*
* @param string $name template name
*
* @return integer timestamp (epoch) the template was modified
*/
protected function fetchTimestamp($name)
{
$this->mtime->execute(array('name' => $name));
$mtime = $this->mtime->fetchColumn();
$this->mtime->closeCursor();
return strtotime($mtime);
}
}

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<?php
/**
* MySQL Resource
* Resource Implementation based on the Custom API to use
* MySQL as the storage resource for Smarty's templates and configs.
* Note that this MySQL implementation fetches the source and timestamps in
* a single database query, instead of two separate like resource.mysql.php does.
* Table definition:
* <pre>CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `templates` (
* `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
* `modified` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
* `source` text,
* PRIMARY KEY (`name`)
* ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;</pre>
* Demo data:
* <pre>INSERT INTO `templates` (`name`, `modified`, `source`) VALUES ('test.tpl', "2010-12-25 22:00:00", '{$x="hello
* world"}{$x}');</pre>
*
*
* @package Resource-examples
* @author Rodney Rehm
*/
class Smarty_Resource_Mysqls extends Smarty_Resource_Custom
{
/**
* PDO instance
*
* @var \PDO
*/
protected $db;
/**
* prepared fetch() statement
*
* @var \PDOStatement
*/
protected $fetch;
/**
* Smarty_Resource_Mysqls constructor.
*
* @throws \SmartyException
*/
public function __construct()
{
try {
$this->db = new PDO("mysql:dbname=test;host=127.0.0.1", "smarty");
} catch (PDOException $e) {
throw new SmartyException('Mysql Resource failed: ' . $e->getMessage());
}
$this->fetch = $this->db->prepare('SELECT modified, source FROM templates WHERE name = :name');
}
/**
* Fetch a template and its modification time from database
*
* @param string $name template name
* @param string $source template source
* @param integer $mtime template modification timestamp (epoch)
*
* @return void
*/
protected function fetch($name, &$source, &$mtime)
{
$this->fetch->execute(array('name' => $name));
$row = $this->fetch->fetch();
$this->fetch->closeCursor();
if ($row) {
$source = $row[ 'source' ];
$mtime = strtotime($row[ 'modified' ]);
} else {
$source = null;
$mtime = null;
}
}
}

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</BODY>
</HTML>

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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>{$title} - {$Name}</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff">

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{config_load file="test.conf" section="setup"}
{include file="header.tpl" title=foo}
<PRE>
{* bold and title are read from the config file *}
{if #bold#}<b>{/if}
{* capitalize the first letters of each word of the title *}
Title: {#title#|capitalize}
{if #bold#}</b>{/if}
The current date and time is {$smarty.now|date_format:"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"}
The value of global assigned variable $SCRIPT_NAME is {$SCRIPT_NAME}
Example of accessing server environment variable SERVER_NAME: {$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME}
The value of {ldelim}$Name{rdelim} is <b>{$Name}</b>
variable modifier example of {ldelim}$Name|upper{rdelim}
<b>{$Name|upper}</b>
An example of a section loop:
{section name=outer
loop=$FirstName}
{if $smarty.section.outer.index is odd by 2}
{$smarty.section.outer.rownum} . {$FirstName[outer]} {$LastName[outer]}
{else}
{$smarty.section.outer.rownum} * {$FirstName[outer]} {$LastName[outer]}
{/if}
{sectionelse}
none
{/section}
An example of section looped key values:
{section name=sec1 loop=$contacts}
phone: {$contacts[sec1].phone}
<br>
fax: {$contacts[sec1].fax}
<br>
cell: {$contacts[sec1].cell}
<br>
{/section}
<p>
testing strip tags
{strip}
<table border=0>
<tr>
<td>
<A HREF="{$SCRIPT_NAME}">
<font color="red">This is a test </font>
</A>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
{/strip}
</PRE>
This is an example of the html_select_date function:
<form>
{html_select_date start_year=1998 end_year=2010}
</form>
This is an example of the html_select_time function:
<form>
{html_select_time use_24_hours=false}
</form>
This is an example of the html_options function:
<form>
<select name=states>
{html_options values=$option_values selected=$option_selected output=$option_output}
</select>
</form>
{include file="footer.tpl"}

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theme: jekyll-theme-minimal

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Tips & Tricks {#tips}
=============
Blank Variable Handling {#tips.blank.var.handling}
=======================
There may be times when you want to print a default value for an empty
variable instead of printing nothing, such as printing `&nbsp;` so that
html table backgrounds work properly. Many would use an
[`{if}`](#language.function.if) statement to handle this, but there is a
shorthand way with Smarty, using the
[`default`](#language.modifier.default) variable modifier.
> **Note**
>
> "Undefined variable" errors will show an E\_NOTICE if not disabled in
> PHP\'s [`error_reporting()`](&url.php-manual;error_reporting) level or
> Smarty\'s [`$error_reporting`](#variable.error.reporting) property and
> a variable had not been assigned to Smarty.
{* the long way *}
{if $title eq ''}
&nbsp;
{else}
{$title}
{/if}
{* the short way *}
{$title|default:'&nbsp;'}
See also [`default`](#language.modifier.default) modifier and [default
variable handling](#tips.default.var.handling).
Default Variable Handling {#tips.default.var.handling}
=========================
If a variable is used frequently throughout your templates, applying the
[`default`](#language.modifier.default) modifier every time it is
mentioned can get a bit ugly. You can remedy this by assigning the
variable its default value with the
[`{assign}`](#language.function.assign) function.
{* do this somewhere at the top of your template *}
{assign var='title' value=$title|default:'no title'}
{* if $title was empty, it now contains the value "no title" when you use it *}
{$title}
See also [`default`](#language.modifier.default) modifier and [blank
variable handling](#tips.blank.var.handling).
Passing variable title to header template {#tips.passing.vars}
=========================================
When the majority of your templates use the same headers and footers, it
is common to split those out into their own templates and
[`{include}`](#language.function.include) them. But what if the header
needs to have a different title, depending on what page you are coming
from? You can pass the title to the header as an
[attribute](#language.syntax.attributes) when it is included.
`mainpage.tpl` - When the main page is drawn, the title of "Main Page"
is passed to the `header.tpl`, and will subsequently be used as the
title.
{include file='header.tpl' title='Main Page'}
{* template body goes here *}
{include file='footer.tpl'}
`archives.tpl` - When the archives page is drawn, the title will be
"Archives". Notice in the archive example, we are using a variable from
the `archives_page.conf` file instead of a hard coded variable.
{config_load file='archive_page.conf'}
{include file='header.tpl' title=#archivePageTitle#}
{* template body goes here *}
{include file='footer.tpl'}
`header.tpl` - Notice that "Smarty News" is printed if the `$title`
variable is not set, using the [`default`](#language.modifier.default)
variable modifier.
<html>
<head>
<title>{$title|default:'Smarty News'}</title>
</head>
<body>
`footer.tpl`
</body>
</html>
Dates {#tips.dates}
=====
As a rule of thumb, always pass dates to Smarty as
[timestamps](&url.php-manual;time). This allows template designers to
use the [`date_format`](#language.modifier.date.format) modifier for
full control over date formatting, and also makes it easy to compare
dates if necessary.
{$startDate|date_format}
This will output:
Jan 4, 2009
{$startDate|date_format:"%Y/%m/%d"}
This will output:
2009/01/04
Dates can be compared in the template by timestamps with:
{if $order_date < $invoice_date}
...do something..
{/if}
When using [`{html_select_date}`](#language.function.html.select.date)
in a template, the programmer will most likely want to convert the
output from the form back into timestamp format. Here is a function to
help you with that.
<?php
// this assumes your form elements are named
// startDate_Day, startDate_Month, startDate_Year
$startDate = makeTimeStamp($startDate_Year, $startDate_Month, $startDate_Day);
function makeTimeStamp($year='', $month='', $day='')
{
if(empty($year)) {
$year = strftime('%Y');
}
if(empty($month)) {
$month = strftime('%m');
}
if(empty($day)) {
$day = strftime('%d');
}
return mktime(0, 0, 0, $month, $day, $year);
}
?>
See also [`{html_select_date}`](#language.function.html.select.date),
[`{html_select_time}`](#language.function.html.select.time),
[`date_format`](#language.modifier.date.format) and
[`$smarty.now`](#language.variables.smarty.now),
Componentized Templates {#tips.componentized.templates}
=======================
Traditionally, programming templates into your applications goes as
follows: First, you accumulate your variables within your PHP
application, (maybe with database queries.) Then, you instantiate your
Smarty object, [`assign()`](#api.assign) the variables and
[`display()`](#api.display) the template. So lets say for example we
have a stock ticker on our template. We would collect the stock data in
our application, then assign these variables in the template and display
it. Now wouldn't it be nice if you could add this stock ticker to any
application by merely including the template, and not worry about
fetching the data up front?
You can do this by writing a custom plugin for fetching the content and
assigning it to a template variable.
`function.load_ticker.php` - drop file in
[`$plugins directory`](#variable.plugins.dir)
<?php
// setup our function for fetching stock data
function fetch_ticker($symbol)
{
// put logic here that fetches $ticker_info
// from some ticker resource
return $ticker_info;
}
function smarty_function_load_ticker($params, $smarty)
{
// call the function
$ticker_info = fetch_ticker($params['symbol']);
// assign template variable
$smarty->assign($params['assign'], $ticker_info);
}
?>
`index.tpl`
{load_ticker symbol='SMARTY' assign='ticker'}
Stock Name: {$ticker.name} Stock Price: {$ticker.price}
See also: [`{include}`](#language.function.include).
Obfuscating E-mail Addresses {#tips.obfuscating.email}
============================
Do you ever wonder how your email address gets on so many spam mailing
lists? One way spammers collect email addresses is from web pages. To
help combat this problem, you can make your email address show up in
scrambled javascript in the HTML source, yet it it will look and work
correctly in the browser. This is done with the
[`{mailto}`](#language.function.mailto) plugin.
<div id="contact">Send inquiries to
{mailto address=$EmailAddress encode='javascript' subject='Hello'}
</div>
> **Note**
>
> This method isn\'t 100% foolproof. A spammer could conceivably program
> his e-mail collector to decode these values, but not likely\....
> hopefully..yet \... wheres that quantum computer :-?.
See also [`escape`](#language.modifier.escape) modifier and
[`{mailto}`](#language.function.mailto).

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Troubleshooting
===============
Smarty/PHP errors {#smarty.php.errors}
=================
Smarty can catch many errors such as missing tag attributes or malformed
variable names. If this happens, you will see an error similar to the
following:
Warning: Smarty: [in index.tpl line 4]: syntax error: unknown tag - '%blah'
in /path/to/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1041
Fatal error: Smarty: [in index.tpl line 28]: syntax error: missing section name
in /path/to/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1041
Smarty shows you the template name, the line number and the error. After
that, the error consists of the actual line number in the Smarty class
that the error occurred.
There are certain errors that Smarty cannot catch, such as missing close
tags. These types of errors usually end up in PHP compile-time parsing
errors.
Parse error: parse error in /path/to/smarty/templates_c/index.tpl.php on line 75
When you encounter a PHP parsing error, the error line number will
correspond to the compiled PHP script, NOT the template itself. Usually
you can look at the template and spot the syntax error. Here are some
common things to look for: missing close tags for
[`{if}{/if}`](#language.function.if) or
[`{section}{/section}`](#language.function.if), or syntax of logic
within an `{if}` tag. If you can\'t find the error, you might have to
open the compiled PHP file and go to the line number to figure out where
the corresponding error is in the template.
Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "index.tpl" in...
or
Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "site.conf" in...
- The [`$template_dir`](#variable.template.dir) is incorrect, doesn\'t
exist or the file `index.tpl` is not in the `templates/` directory
- A [`{config_load}`](#language.function.config.load) function is
within a template (or [`configLoad()`](#api.config.load) has been
called) and either [`$config_dir`](#variable.config.dir) is
incorrect, does not exist or `site.conf` is not in the directory.
<!-- -->
Fatal error: Smarty error: the $compile_dir 'templates_c' does not exist,
or is not a directory...
- Either the [`$compile_dir`](#variable.compile.dir)is incorrectly
set, the directory does not exist, or `templates_c` is a file and
not a directory.
<!-- -->
Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $compile_dir '....
- The [`$compile_dir`](#variable.compile.dir) is not writable by the
web server. See the bottom of the [installing
smarty](#installing.smarty.basic) page for more about permissions.
<!-- -->
Fatal error: Smarty error: the $cache_dir 'cache' does not exist,
or is not a directory. in /..
- This means that [`$caching`](#variable.caching) is enabled and
either; the [`$cache_dir`](#variable.cache.dir) is incorrectly set,
the directory does not exist, or `cache/` is a file and not a
directory.
<!-- -->
Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $cache_dir '/...
- This means that [`$caching`](#variable.caching) is enabled and the
[`$cache_dir`](#variable.cache.dir) is not writable by the web
server. See the bottom of the [installing
smarty](#installing.smarty.basic) page for permissions.
<!-- -->
Warning: filemtime(): stat failed for /path/to/smarty/cache/3ab50a623e65185c49bf17c63c90cc56070ea85c.one.tpl.php
in /path/to/smarty/libs/sysplugins/smarty_resource.php
- This means that your application registered a custom error handler
(using [set\_error\_handler()](&url.php-manual;set_error_handler))
which is not respecting the given `$errno` as it should. If, for
whatever reason, this is the desired behaviour of your custom error
handler, please call
[`muteExpectedErrors()`](#api.mute.expected.errors) after you\'ve
registered your custom error handler.
See also [debugging](#chapter.debugging.console).

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Debugging Console {#chapter.debugging.console}
=================
There is a debugging console included with Smarty. The console informs
you of all the [included](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md) templates,
[assigned](../programmers/api-functions/api-assign.md) variables and
[config](./language-variables/language-config-variables.md) file variables for the current
invocation of the template. A template file named `debug.tpl` is
included with the distribution of Smarty which controls the formatting
of the console.
Set [`$debugging`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-debugging.md) to TRUE in Smarty, and if needed
set [`$debug_tpl`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-debug-template.md) to the template resource
path to `debug.tpl` (this is in [`SMARTY_DIR`](../programmers/smarty-constants.md) by
default). When you load the page, a Javascript console window will pop
up and give you the names of all the included templates and assigned
variables for the current page.
To see the available variables for a particular template, see the
[`{debug}`](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-debug.md) template function. To disable the
debugging console, set [`$debugging`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-debugging.md) to FALSE. You
can also temporarily turn on the debugging console by putting
`SMARTY_DEBUG` in the URL if you enable this option with
[`$debugging_ctrl`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-debugging-ctrl.md).
> **Note**
>
> The debugging console does not work when you use the
> [`fetch()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-fetch.md) API, only when using
> [`display()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-display.md). It is a set of javascript statements
> added to the very bottom of the generated template. If you do not like
> javascript, you can edit the `debug.tpl` template to format the output
> however you like. Debug data is not cached and `debug.tpl` info is not
> included in the output of the debug console.
> **Note**
>
> The load times of each template and config file are in seconds, or
> fractions thereof.
See also [troubleshooting](../appendixes/troubleshooting.md).

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Config Files {#config.files}
============
Config files are handy for designers to manage global template variables
from one file. One example is template colors. Normally if you wanted to
change the color scheme of an application, you would have to go through
each and every template file and change the colors. With a config file,
the colors can be kept in one place, and only one file needs to be
updated.
# global variables
pageTitle = "Main Menu"
bodyBgColor = #000000
tableBgColor = #000000
rowBgColor = #00ff00
[Customer]
pageTitle = "Customer Info"
[Login]
pageTitle = "Login"
focus = "username"
Intro = """This is a value that spans more
than one line. you must enclose
it in triple quotes."""
# hidden section
[.Database]
host=my.example.com
db=ADDRESSBOOK
user=php-user
pass=foobar
Values of [config file variables](./language-variables/language-config-variables.md) can be in
quotes, but not necessary. You can use either single or double quotes.
If you have a value that spans more than one line, enclose the entire
value with triple quotes (\"\"\"). You can put comments into config
files by any syntax that is not a valid config file syntax. We recommend
using a `
#` (hash) at the beginning of the line.
The example config file above has two sections. Section names are
enclosed in \[brackets\]. Section names can be arbitrary strings not
containing `[` or `]` symbols. The four variables at the top are global
variables, or variables not within a section. These variables are always
loaded from the config file. If a particular section is loaded, then the
global variables and the variables from that section are also loaded. If
a variable exists both as a global and in a section, the section
variable is used. If you name two variables the same within a section,
the last one will be used unless
[`$config_overwrite`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-overwrite.md) is disabled.
Config files are loaded into templates with the built-in template
function [`
{config_load}`](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-config-load.md) or the API
[`configLoad()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-config-load.md) function.
You can hide variables or entire sections by prepending the variable
name or section name with a period(.) eg `[.hidden]`. This is useful if
your application reads the config files and gets sensitive data from
them that the template engine does not need. If you have third parties
doing template editing, you can be certain that they cannot read
sensitive data from the config file by loading it into the template.
Config files (or resources) are loaded by the same resource facilities
as templates. That means that a config file can also be loaded from a db
`$smarty->configLoad("db:my.conf")`.
See also [`{config_load}`](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-config-load.md),
[`$config_overwrite`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-config-overwrite.md),
[`$default_config_handler_func`](../programmers/api-variables/variable-default-config-handler-func.md),
[`getConfigVars()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-get-config-vars.md),
[`clearConfig()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-clear-config.md) and
[`configLoad()`](../programmers/api-functions/api-config-load.md)

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Basic Syntax
============
A simple Smarty template could look like this:
```html
<h1>{$title|escape}</h1>
<ul>
{foreach $cities as $city}
<li>{$city.name|escape} ({$city.population})</li>
{foreachelse}
<li>no cities found</li>
{/foreach}
</ul>
```
All Smarty template tags are enclosed within delimiters. By default
these are `{` and `}`, but they can be
[changed](../programmers/api-variables/variable-left-delimiter.md).
For the examples in this manual, we will assume that you are using the
default delimiters. In Smarty, all content outside of delimiters is
displayed as static content, or unchanged. When Smarty encounters
template tags, it attempts to interpret them, and displays the
appropriate output in their place.
The basis components of the Smarty syntax are:
- [Comments](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-comments.md)
- [Variables](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-variables.md)
- [Functions](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-functions.md)
- [Attributes](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-attributes.md)
- [Quotes](./language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-quotes.md)
- [Math](./language-basic-syntax/language-math.md)
- [Escaping](./language-basic-syntax/language-escaping.md)

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Escaping Smarty Parsing {#language.escaping}
=======================
It is sometimes desirable or even necessary to have Smarty ignore
sections it would otherwise parse. A classic example is embedding
Javascript or CSS code in a template. The problem arises as those
languages use the { and } characters which are also the default
[delimiters](#language.function.ldelim) for Smarty.
> **Note**
>
> A good practice for avoiding escapement altogether is by separating
> your Javascript/CSS into their own files and use standard HTML methods
> to access them. This will also take advantage of browser script
> caching. When you need to embed Smarty variables/functions into your
> Javascript/CSS, then the following applies.
In Smarty templates, the { and } braces will be ignored so long as they
are surrounded by white space. This behavior can be disabled by setting
the Smarty class variable [`$auto_literal`](#variable.auto.literal) to
false.
<script>
// the following braces are ignored by Smarty
// since they are surrounded by whitespace
function foobar {
alert('foobar!');
}
// this one will need literal escapement
{literal}
function bazzy {alert('foobar!');}
{/literal}
</script>
[`{literal}..{/literal}`](#language.function.literal) blocks are used
for escaping blocks of template logic. You can also escape the braces
individually with
[`{ldelim}`](#language.function.ldelim),[`{rdelim}`](#language.function.ldelim)
tags or
[`{$smarty.ldelim}`,`{$smarty.rdelim}`](#language.variables.smarty.ldelim)
variables.
Smarty\'s default delimiters { and } cleanly represent presentational
content. However if another set of delimiters suit your needs better,
you can change them with Smarty\'s
[`$left_delimiter`](#variable.left.delimiter) and
[`$right_delimiter`](#variable.right.delimiter) values.
> **Note**
>
> Changing delimiters affects ALL template syntax and escapement. Be
> sure to clear out cache and compiled files if you decide to change
> them.
<?php
$smarty->left_delimiter = '<!--{';
$smarty->right_delimiter = '}-->';
$smarty->assign('foo', 'bar');
$smarty->assign('name', 'Albert');
$smarty->display('example.tpl');
?>
Where the template is:
Welcome <!--{$name}--> to Smarty
<script language="javascript">
var foo = <!--{$foo}-->;
function dosomething() {
alert("foo is " + foo);
}
dosomething();
</script>

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Math {#language.math}
====
Math can be applied directly to variable values.
{$foo+1}
{$foo*$bar}
{* some more complicated examples *}
{$foo->bar-$bar[1]*$baz->foo->bar()-3*7}
{if ($foo+$bar.test%$baz*134232+10+$b+10)}
{$foo|truncate:"`$fooTruncCount/$barTruncFactor-1`"}
{assign var="foo" value="`$foo+$bar`"}
> **Note**
>
> Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
> it is a good rule of thumb to keep the template syntax minimal and
> focused on presentation. If you find your template syntax getting too
> complex, it may be a good idea to move the bits that do not deal
> explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.

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Attributes {#language.syntax.attributes}
==========
Most of the [functions](#language.syntax.functions) take attributes that
specify or modify their behavior. Attributes to Smarty functions are
much like HTML attributes. Static values don't have to be enclosed in
quotes, but it is required for literal strings. Variables with or
without modifiers may also be used, and should not be in quotes. You can
even use PHP function results, plugin results and complex expressions.
Some attributes require boolean values (TRUE or FALSE). These can be
specified as `true` and `false`. If an attribute has no value assigned
it gets the default boolean value of true.
{include file="header.tpl"}
{include file="header.tpl" nocache} // is equivalent to nocache=true
{include file="header.tpl" attrib_name="attrib value"}
{include file=$includeFile}
{include file=#includeFile# title="My Title"}
{assign var=foo value={counter}} // plugin result
{assign var=foo value=substr($bar,2,5)} // PHP function result
{assign var=foo value=$bar|strlen} // using modifier
{assign var=foo value=$buh+$bar|strlen} // more complex expression
{html_select_date display_days=true}
{mailto address="smarty@example.com"}
<select name="company_id">
{html_options options=$companies selected=$company_id}
</select>
> **Note**
>
> Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
> it is a good rule of thumb to keep the template syntax minimal and
> focused on presentation. If you find your template syntax getting too
> complex, it may be a good idea to move the bits that do not deal
> explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.

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Comments {#language.syntax.comments}
========
Template comments are surrounded by asterisks, and that is surrounded by
the [delimiter](#variable.left.delimiter) tags like so:
::: {.informalexample}
{* this is a comment *}
:::
Smarty comments are NOT displayed in the final output of the template,
unlike `<!-- HTML comments -->`. These are useful for making internal
notes in the templates which no one will see ;-)
{* I am a Smarty comment, I don't exist in the compiled output *}
<html>
<head>
<title>{$title}</title>
</head>
<body>
{* another single line smarty comment *}
<!-- HTML comment that is sent to the browser -->
{* this multiline smarty
comment is
not sent to browser
*}
{*********************************************************
Multi line comment block with credits block
@ author: bg@example.com
@ maintainer: support@example.com
@ para: var that sets block style
@ css: the style output
**********************************************************}
{* The header file with the main logo and stuff *}
{include file='header.tpl'}
{* Dev note: the $includeFile var is assigned in foo.php script *}
<!-- Displays main content block -->
{include file=$includeFile}
{* this <select> block is redundant *}
{*
<select name="company">
{html_options options=$vals selected=$selected_id}
</select>
*}
<!-- Show header from affiliate is disabled -->
{* $affiliate|upper *}
{* you cannot nest comments *}
{*
<select name="company">
{* <option value="0">-- none -- </option> *}
{html_options options=$vals selected=$selected_id}
</select>
*}
</body>
</html>

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Functions {#language.syntax.functions}
=========
Every Smarty tag either prints a [variable](#language.variables) or
invokes some sort of function. These are processed and displayed by
enclosing the function and its [attributes](#language.syntax.attributes)
within delimiters like so: `{funcname attr1="val1" attr2="val2"}`.
{config_load file="colors.conf"}
{include file="header.tpl"}
{insert file="banner_ads.tpl" title="My Site"}
{if $logged_in}
Welcome, <span style="color:{#fontColor#}">{$name}!</span>
{else}
hi, {$name}
{/if}
{include file="footer.tpl"}
- Both [built-in functions](#language.builtin.functions) and [custom
functions](#language.custom.functions) have the same syntax within
templates.
- Built-in functions are the **inner** workings of Smarty, such as
[`{if}`](#language.function.if),
[`{section}`](#language.function.section) and
[`{strip}`](#language.function.strip). There should be no need to
change or modify them.
- Custom functions are **additional** functions implemented via
[plugins](#plugins). They can be modified to your liking, or you can
create new ones. [`{html_options}`](#language.function.html.options)
is an example of a custom function.
See also [`registerPlugin()`](#api.register.plugin)

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Embedding Vars in Double Quotes {#language.syntax.quotes}
===============================
- Smarty will recognize [assigned](#api.assign)
[variables](#language.syntax.variables) embedded in \"double
quotes\" so long as the variable name contains only numbers, letters
and under\_scores. See [naming](&url.php-manual;language.variables)
for more detail.
- With any other characters, for example a period(.) or
`$object->reference`, then the variable must be surrounded by
`` `backticks` ``.
- In addition Smarty3 does allow embedded Smarty tags in double quoted
strings. This is useful if you want to include variables with
modifiers, plugin or PHP function results.
<!-- -->
{func var="test $foo test"} // sees $foo
{func var="test $foo_bar test"} // sees $foo_bar
{func var="test `$foo[0]` test"} // sees $foo[0]
{func var="test `$foo[bar]` test"} // sees $foo[bar]
{func var="test $foo.bar test"} // sees $foo (not $foo.bar)
{func var="test `$foo.bar` test"} // sees $foo.bar
{func var="test `$foo.bar` test"|escape} // modifiers outside quotes!
{func var="test {$foo|escape} test"} // modifiers inside quotes!
{func var="test {time()} test"} // PHP function result
{func var="test {counter} test"} // plugin result
{func var="variable foo is {if !$foo}not {/if} defined"} // Smarty block function
{* will replace $tpl_name with value *}
{include file="subdir/$tpl_name.tpl"}
{* does NOT replace $tpl_name *}
{include file='subdir/$tpl_name.tpl'} // vars require double quotes!
{* must have backticks as it contains a dot "." *}
{cycle values="one,two,`$smarty.config.myval`"}
{* must have backticks as it contains a dot "." *}
{include file="`$module.contact`.tpl"}
{* can use variable with dot syntax *}
{include file="`$module.$view`.tpl"}
> **Note**
>
> Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
> it is a good rule of thumb to keep the template syntax minimal and
> focused on presentation. If you find your template syntax getting too
> complex, it may be a good idea to move the bits that do not deal
> explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.
See also [`escape`](#language.modifier.escape).

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Variables {#language.syntax.variables}
=========
Template variables start with the \$dollar sign. They can contain
numbers, letters and underscores, much like a [PHP
variable](&url.php-manual;language.variables). You can reference arrays
by index numerically or non-numerically. Also reference object
properties and methods.
[Config file variables](#language.config.variables) are an exception to
the \$dollar syntax and are instead referenced with surrounding
\#hashmarks\#, or via the
[`$smarty.config`](#language.variables.smarty.config) variable.
{$foo} <-- displaying a simple variable (non array/object)
{$foo[4]} <-- display the 5th element of a zero-indexed array
{$foo.bar} <-- display the "bar" key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo['bar']
{$foo.$bar} <-- display variable key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo[$bar]
{$foo->bar} <-- display the object property "bar"
{$foo->bar()} <-- display the return value of object method "bar"
{#foo#} <-- display the config file variable "foo"
{$smarty.config.foo} <-- synonym for {#foo#}
{$foo[bar]} <-- syntax only valid in a section loop, see {section}
{assign var=foo value='baa'}{$foo} <-- displays "baa", see {assign}
Many other combinations are allowed
{$foo.bar.baz}
{$foo.$bar.$baz}
{$foo[4].baz}
{$foo[4].$baz}
{$foo.bar.baz[4]}
{$foo->bar($baz,2,$bar)} <-- passing parameters
{"foo"} <-- static values are allowed
{* display the server variable "SERVER_NAME" ($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])*}
{$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME}
Math and embedding tags:
{$x+$y} // will output the sum of x and y.
{assign var=foo value=$x+$y} // in attributes
{$foo[$x+3]} // as array index
{$foo={counter}+3} // tags within tags
{$foo="this is message {counter}"} // tags within double quoted strings
Defining Arrays:
{assign var=foo value=[1,2,3]}
{assign var=foo value=['y'=>'yellow','b'=>'blue']}
{assign var=foo value=[1,[9,8],3]} // can be nested
Short variable assignment:
{$foo=$bar+2}
{$foo = strlen($bar)} // function in assignment
{$foo = myfunct( ($x+$y)*3 )} // as function parameter
{$foo.bar=1} // assign to specific array element
{$foo.bar.baz=1}
{$foo[]=1} // appending to an array
Smarty "dot" syntax (note: embedded {} are used to address ambiguities):
{$foo.a.b.c} => $foo['a']['b']['c']
{$foo.a.$b.c} => $foo['a'][$b]['c'] // with variable index
{$foo.a.{$b+4}.c} => $foo['a'][$b+4]['c'] // with expression as index
{$foo.a.{$b.c}} => $foo['a'][$b['c']] // with nested index
PHP-like syntax, alternative to "dot" syntax:
{$foo[1]} // normal access
{$foo['bar']}
{$foo['bar'][1]}
{$foo[$x+$x]} // index may contain any expression
{$foo[$bar[1]]} // nested index
{$foo[section_name]} // smarty {section} access, not array access!
Variable variables:
$foo // normal variable
$foo_{$bar} // variable name containing other variable
$foo_{$x+$y} // variable name containing expressions
$foo_{$bar}_buh_{$blar} // variable name with multiple segments
{$foo_{$x}} // will output the variable $foo_1 if $x has a value of 1.
Object chaining:
{$object->method1($x)->method2($y)}
Direct PHP function access:
{time()}
> **Note**
>
> Although Smarty can handle some very complex expressions and syntax,
> it is a good rule of thumb to keep the template syntax minimal and
> focused on presentation. If you find your template syntax getting too
> complex, it may be a good idea to move the bits that do not deal
> explicitly with presentation to PHP by way of plugins or modifiers.
Request variables such as `$_GET`, `$_SESSION`, etc are available via
the reserved [`$smarty`](#language.variables.smarty) variable.
See also [`$smarty`](#language.variables.smarty), [config
variables](#language.config.variables)
[`{assign}`](#language.function.assign) and [`assign()`](#api.assign).

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Built-in Functions {#language.builtin.functions}
==================
## Table of contents
- [{$var=...}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-shortform-assign.md)
- [{append}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-append.md)
- [{assign}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md)
- [{block}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-block.md)
- [{call}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-call.md)
- [{capture}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-capture.md)
- [{config_load}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-config.load)
- [{debug}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-debug.md)
- [{extends}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-extends.md)
- [{for}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-for.md)
- [{foreach},{foreachelse}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-foreach.md)
- [{function}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-function.md)
- [{if},{elseif},{else}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-if.md)
- [{include}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md)
- [{insert}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-insert.md)
- [{ldelim},{rdelim}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-ldelim.md)
- [{literal}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-literal.md)
- [{nocache}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-nocache.md)
- [{section},{sectionelse}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-section.md)
- [{setfilter}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-setfilter.md)
- [{strip}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-strip.md)
- [{while}](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-while.md)
Smarty comes with several built-in functions. These built-in functions
are the integral part of the smarty template engine. They are compiled
into corresponding inline PHP code for maximum performance.
You cannot create your own [custom
functions](./language-custom-functions.md) with the same name; and you
should not need to modify the built-in functions.
A few of these functions have an `assign` attribute which collects the
result the function to a named template variable instead of being
output; much like the [`{assign}`](./language-builtin-functions/language-function-assign.md) function.

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{append} {#language.function.append}
========
`{append}` is used for creating or appending template variable arrays
**during the execution of a template**.
> **Note**
>
> Assignment of variables in-template is essentially placing application
> logic into the presentation that may be better handled in PHP. Use at
> your own discretion.
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
var string Yes *n/a* The name of the variable being assigned
value string Yes *n/a* The value being assigned
index string No *n/a* The index for the new array element. If not specified the value is append to the end of the array.
scope string No *n/a* The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\'
**Option Flags:**
Name Description
--------- -----------------------------------------------------
nocache Assigns the variable with the \'nocache\' attribute
{append var='name' value='Bob' index='first'}
{append var='name' value='Meyer' index='last'}
// or
{append 'name' 'Bob' index='first'} {* short-hand *}
{append 'name' 'Meyer' index='last'} {* short-hand *}
The first name is {$name.first}.<br>
The last name is {$name.last}.
The above example will output:
The first name is Bob.
The last name is Meyer.
See also [`append()`](#api.append) and
[`getTemplateVars()`](#api.get.template.vars).

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{assign} {#language.function.assign}
========
`{assign}` is used for assigning template variables **during the
execution of a template**.
> **Note**
>
> Assignment of variables in-template is essentially placing application
> logic into the presentation that may be better handled in PHP. Use at
> your own discretion.
> **Note**
>
> See also the [`short-form`](#language.function.shortform.assign)
> method of assigning template vars.
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------- ---------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
var string Yes *n/a* The name of the variable being assigned
value string Yes *n/a* The value being assigned
scope string No *n/a* The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\'
**Option Flags:**
Name Description
--------- -----------------------------------------------------
nocache Assigns the variable with the \'nocache\' attribute
{assign var="name" value="Bob"}
{assign "name" "Bob"} {* short-hand *}
The value of $name is {$name}.
The above example will output:
The value of $name is Bob.
{assign var="name" value="Bob" nocache}
{assign "name" "Bob" nocache} {* short-hand *}
The value of $name is {$name}.
The above example will output:
The value of $name is Bob.
{assign var=running_total value=$running_total+$some_array[$row].some_value}
Variables assigned in the included template will be seen in the
including template.
{include file="sub_template.tpl"}
...
{* display variable assigned in sub_template *}
{$foo}<br>
...
The template above includes the example `sub_template.tpl` below
...
{* foo will be known also in the including template *}
{assign var="foo" value="something" scope=parent}
{* bar is assigned only local in the including template *}
{assign var="bar" value="value"}
...
You can assign a variable to root of the current root tree. The variable
is seen by all templates using the same root tree.
{assign var=foo value="bar" scope="root"}
A global variable is seen by all templates.
{assign var=foo value="bar" scope="global"}
{assign "foo" "bar" scope="global"} {* short-hand *}
To access `{assign}` variables from a php script use
[`getTemplateVars()`](#api.get.template.vars). Here\'s the template that
creates the variable `$foo`.
{assign var="foo" value="Smarty"}
The template variables are only available after/during template
execution as in the following script.
<?php
// this will output nothing as the template has not been executed
echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');
// fetch the template to a variable
$whole_page = $smarty->fetch('index.tpl');
// this will output 'smarty' as the template has been executed
echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');
$smarty->assign('foo','Even smarter');
// this will output 'Even smarter'
echo $smarty->getTemplateVars('foo');
?>
The following functions can also *optionally* assign template variables.
[`{capture}`](#language.function.capture),
[`{include}`](#language.function.include),
[`{insert}`](#language.function.insert),
[`{counter}`](#language.function.counter),
[`{cycle}`](#language.function.cycle),
[`{eval}`](#language.function.eval),
[`{fetch}`](#language.function.fetch),
[`{math}`](#language.function.math),
[`{textformat}`](#language.function.textformat)
See also [`{$var=...}`](#language.function.shortform.assign),
[`assign()`](#api.assign) and
[`getTemplateVars()`](#api.get.template.vars).

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{block} {#language.function.block}
=======
`{block}` is used to define a named area of template source for template
inheritance. For details see section of [Template
Inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance).
The `{block}` template source area of a child template will replace the
corresponding areas in the parent template(s).
Optionally `{block}` areas of child and parent templates can be merged
into each other. You can append or prepend the parent `{block}` content
by using the `append` or `prepend` option flag with the child's `{block}`
definition. With the {\$smarty.block.parent} the `{block}` content of
the parent template can be inserted at any location of the child
`{block}` content. {\$smarty.block.child} inserts the `{block}` content
of the child template at any location of the parent `{block}`.
`{blocks}'s` can be nested.
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------------
name string Yes *n/a* The name of the template source block
**Option Flags (in child templates only):**
Name Description
--------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
append The `{block}` content will be be appended to the content of the parent template `{block}`
prepend The `{block}` content will be prepended to the content of the parent template `{block}`
hide Ignore the block content if no child block of same name is existing.
nocache Disables caching of the `{block}` content
parent.tpl
<html>
<head>
<title>{block name="title"}Default Title{/block}</title>
<title>{block "title"}Default Title{/block}</title> {* short-hand *}
</head>
</html>
child.tpl
{extends file="parent.tpl"}
{block name="title"}
Page Title
{/block}
The result would look like
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
</html>
parent.tpl
<html>
<head>
<title>{block name="title"}Title - {/block}</title>
</head>
</html>
child.tpl
{extends file="parent.tpl"}
{block name="title" prepend}
Page Title
{/block}
The result would look like
<html>
<head>
<title>Title - Page Title</title>
</head>
</html>
parent.tpl
<html>
<head>
<title>{block name="title"} is my title{/block}</title>
</head>
</html>
child.tpl
{extends file="parent.tpl"}
{block name="title" append}
Page Title
{/block}
The result would look like
<html>
<head>
<title>Page title is my titel</title>
</head>
</html>
parent.tpl
<html>
<head>
<title>{block name="title"}The {$smarty.block.child} was inserted here{/block}</title>
</head>
</html>
child.tpl
{extends file="parent.tpl"}
{block name="title"}
Child Title
{/block}
The result would look like
<html>
<head>
<title>The Child Title was inserted here</title>
</head>
</html>
parent.tpl
<html>
<head>
<title>{block name="title"}Parent Title{/block}</title>
</head>
</html>
child.tpl
{extends file="parent.tpl"}
{block name="title"}
You will see now - {$smarty.block.parent} - here
{/block}
The result would look like
<html>
<head>
<title>You will see now - Parent Title - here</title>
</head>
</html>
See also [Template
Inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance),
[`$smarty.block.parent`](#language.variables.smarty.block.parent),
[`$smarty.block.child`](#language.variables.smarty.block.child), and
[`{extends}`](#language.function.extends)

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{call} {#language.function.call}
======
`{call}` is used to call a template function defined by the
[`{function}`](#language.function.function) tag just like a plugin
function.
> **Note**
>
> Template functions are defined global. Since the Smarty compiler is a
> single-pass compiler, The [`{call}`](#language.function.call) tag must
> be used to call a template function defined externally from the given
> template. Otherwise you can directly use the function as
> `{funcname ...}` in the template.
- The `{call}` tag must have the `name` attribute which contains the
the name of the template function.
- Values for variables can be passed to the template function as
[attributes](#language.syntax.attributes).
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------------- ---------- --------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
name string Yes *n/a* The name of the template function
assign string No *n/a* The name of the variable that the output of called template function will be assigned to
\[var \...\] \[var type\] No *n/a* variable to pass local to template function
**Option Flags:**
Name Description
--------- --------------------------------------------
nocache Call the template function in nocache mode
{* define the function *}
{function name=menu level=0}
<ul class="level{$level}">
{foreach $data as $entry}
{if is_array($entry)}
<li>{$entry@key}</li>
{call name=menu data=$entry level=$level+1}
{else}
<li>{$entry}</li>
{/if}
{/foreach}
</ul>
{/function}
{* create an array to demonstrate *}
{$menu = ['item1','item2','item3' => ['item3-1','item3-2','item3-3' =>
['item3-3-1','item3-3-2']],'item4']}
{* run the array through the function *}
{call name=menu data=$menu}
{call menu data=$menu} {* short-hand *}
Will generate the following output
* item1
* item2
* item3
o item3-1
o item3-2
o item3-3
+ item3-3-1
+ item3-3-2
* item4
See also [`{function}`](#language.function.function)

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{capture} {#language.function.capture}
=========
`{capture}` is used to collect the output of the template between the
tags into a variable instead of displaying it. Any content between
`{capture name='foo'}` and `{/capture}` is collected into the variable
specified in the `name` attribute.
The captured content can be used in the template from the variable
[`$smarty.capture.foo`](#language.variables.smarty.capture) where "foo"
is the value passed in the `name` attribute. If you do not supply the
`name` attribute, then "default" will be used as the name ie
`$smarty.capture.default`.
`{capture}'s` can be nested.
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
name string Yes *n/a* The name of the captured block
assign string No *n/a* The variable name where to assign the captured output to
append string No *n/a* The name of an array variable where to append the captured output to
**Option Flags:**
Name Description
--------- -----------------------------------------
nocache Disables caching of this captured block
> **Note**
>
> Be careful when capturing [`{insert}`](#language.function.insert)
> output. If you have [`$caching`](#caching) enabled and you have
> [`{insert}`](#language.function.insert) commands that you expect to
> run within cached content, do not capture this content.
{* we don't want to print a div tag unless content is displayed *}
{capture name="banner"}
{capture "banner"} {* short-hand *}
{include file="get_banner.tpl"}
{/capture}
{if $smarty.capture.banner ne ""}
<div id="banner">{$smarty.capture.banner}</div>
{/if}
This example demonstrates the capture function.
{capture name=some_content assign=popText}
{capture some_content assign=popText} {* short-hand *}
The server is {$my_server_name|upper} at {$my_server_addr}<br>
Your ip is {$my_ip}.
{/capture}
<a href="#">{$popText}</a>
This example also demonstrates how multiple calls of capture can be used
to create an array with captured content.
{capture append="foo"}hello{/capture}I say just {capture append="foo"}world{/capture}
{foreach $foo as $text}{$text} {/foreach}
The above example will output:
I say just hello world
See also [`$smarty.capture`](#language.variables.smarty.capture),
[`{eval}`](#language.function.eval),
[`{fetch}`](#language.function.fetch), [`fetch()`](#api.fetch) and
[`{assign}`](#language.function.assign).

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{config\_load} {#language.function.config.load}
==============
`{config_load}` is used for loading config
[`#variables#`](#language.config.variables) from a [configuration
file](#config.files) into the template.
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
file string Yes *n/a* The name of the config file to include
section string No *n/a* The name of the section to load
scope string no *local* How the scope of the loaded variables are treated, which must be one of local, parent or global. local means variables are loaded into the local template context. parent means variables are loaded into both the local context and the parent template that called it. global means variables are available to all templates.
The `example.conf` file.
#this is config file comment
# global variables
pageTitle = "Main Menu"
bodyBgColor = #000000
tableBgColor = #000000
rowBgColor = #00ff00
#customer variables section
[Customer]
pageTitle = "Customer Info"
and the template
{config_load file="example.conf"}
{config_load "example.conf"} {* short-hand *}
<html>
<title>{#pageTitle#|default:"No title"}</title>
<body bgcolor="{#bodyBgColor#}">
<table border="{#tableBorderSize#}" bgcolor="{#tableBgColor#}">
<tr bgcolor="{#rowBgColor#}">
<td>First</td>
<td>Last</td>
<td>Address</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
[Config Files](#config.files) may also contain sections. You can load
variables from within a section with the added attribute `section`. Note
that global config variables are always loaded along with section
variables, and same-named section variables overwrite the globals.
> **Note**
>
> Config file *sections* and the built-in template function called
> [`{section}`](#language.function.section) have nothing to do with each
> other, they just happen to share a common naming convention.
{config_load file='example.conf' section='Customer'}
{config_load 'example.conf' 'Customer'} {* short-hand *}
<html>
<title>{#pageTitle#}</title>
<body bgcolor="{#bodyBgColor#}">
<table border="{#tableBorderSize#}" bgcolor="{#tableBgColor#}">
<tr bgcolor="{#rowBgColor#}">
<td>First</td>
<td>Last</td>
<td>Address</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
See [`$config_overwrite`](#variable.config.overwrite) to create arrays
of config file variables.
See also the [config files](#config.files) page, [config
variables](#language.config.variables) page,
[`$config_dir`](#variable.config.dir),
[`getConfigVars()`](#api.get.config.vars) and
[`configLoad()`](#api.config.load).

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{debug} {#language.function.debug}
=======
`{debug}` dumps the debug console to the page. This works regardless of
the [debug](#chapter.debugging.console) settings in the php script.
Since this gets executed at runtime, this is only able to show the
[assigned](#api.assign) variables; not the templates that are in use.
However, you can see all the currently available variables within the
scope of a template.
If caching is enabled and a page is loaded from cache `{debug}` does
show only the variables which assigned for the cached page.
In order to see also the variables which have been locally assigned
within the template it does make sense to place the `{debug}` tag at the
end of the template.
See also the [debugging console page](#chapter.debugging.console).

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{extends} {#language.function.extends}
=========
`{extends}` tags are used in child templates in template inheritance for
extending parent templates. For details see section of [Template
Inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance).
- The `{extends}` tag must be on the first line of the template.
- If a child template extends a parent template with the `{extends}`
tag it may contain only `{block}` tags. Any other template content
is ignored.
- Use the syntax for [template resources](#resources) to extend files
outside of the [`$template_dir`](#variable.template.dir) directory.
> **Note**
>
> When extending a variable parent like `{extends file=$parent_file}`,
> make sure you include `$parent_file` in the
> [`$compile_id`](#variable.compile.id). Otherwise Smarty cannot
> distinguish between different `$parent_file`s.
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------- ---------- --------- -------------------------------------------------
file string Yes *n/a* The name of the template file which is extended
{extends file='parent.tpl'}
{extends 'parent.tpl'} {* short-hand *}
See also [Template Inheritance](#advanced.features.template.inheritance)
and [`{block}`](#language.function.block).

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{for} {#language.function.for}
=====
The `{for}{forelse}` tag is used to create simple loops. The following
different formats are supported:
- `{for $var=$start to $end}` simple loop with step size of 1.
- `{for $var=$start to $end step $step}` loop with individual step
size.
`{forelse}` is executed when the loop is not iterated.
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Shorthand Type Required Default Description
---------------- ----------- --------- ---------- --------- --------------------------------
max n/a integer No *n/a* Limit the number of iterations
**Option Flags:**
Name Description
--------- --------------------------------------
nocache Disables caching of the `{for}` loop
<ul>
{for $foo=1 to 3}
<li>{$foo}</li>
{/for}
</ul>
The above example will output:
<ul>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
</ul>
$smarty->assign('to',10);
<ul>
{for $foo=3 to $to max=3}
<li>{$foo}</li>
{/for}
</ul>
The above example will output:
<ul>
<li>3</li>
<li>4</li>
<li>5</li>
</ul>
$smarty->assign('start',10);
$smarty->assign('to',5);
<ul>
{for $foo=$start to $to}
<li>{$foo}</li>
{forelse}
no iteration
{/for}
</ul>
The above example will output:
no iteration
See also [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach),
[`{section}`](#language.function.section) and
[`{while}`](#language.function.while)

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{foreach},{foreachelse} {#language.function.foreach}
=======================
`{foreach}` is used for looping over arrays of data. `{foreach}` has a
simpler and cleaner syntax than the
[`{section}`](#language.function.section) loop, and can also loop over
associative arrays.
`{foreach $arrayvar as $itemvar}`
`{foreach $arrayvar as $keyvar=>$itemvar}`
> **Note**
>
> This foreach syntax does not accept any named attributes. This syntax
> is new to Smarty 3, however the Smarty 2.x syntax
> `{foreach from=$myarray key="mykey" item="myitem"}` is still
> supported.
- `{foreach}` loops can be nested.
- The `array` variable, usually an array of values, determines the
number of times `{foreach}` will loop. You can also pass an integer
for arbitrary loops.
- `{foreachelse}` is executed when there are no values in the `array`
variable.
- `{foreach}` properties are [`@index`](#foreach.property.index),
[`@iteration`](#foreach.property.iteration),
[`@first`](#foreach.property.first),
[`@last`](#foreach.property.last),
[`@show`](#foreach.property.show),
[`@total`](#foreach.property.total).
- `{foreach}` constructs are [`{break}`](#foreach.construct.break),
[`{continue}`](#foreach.construct.continue).
- Instead of specifying the `key` variable you can access the current
key of the loop item by `{$item@key}` (see examples below).
> **Note**
>
> The `$var@property` syntax is new to Smarty 3, however when using the
> Smarty 2 `{foreach from=$myarray key="mykey" item="myitem"}` style
> syntax, the `$smarty.foreach.name.property` syntax is still supported.
> **Note**
>
> Although you can retrieve the array key with the syntax
> `{foreach $myArray as $myKey => $myValue}`, the key is always
> available as `$myValue@key` within the foreach loop.
**Option Flags:**
Name Description
--------- ------------------------------------------
nocache Disables caching of the `{foreach}` loop
<?php
$arr = array('red', 'green', 'blue');
$smarty->assign('myColors', $arr);
?>
Template to output `$myColors` in an un-ordered list
<ul>
{foreach $myColors as $color}
<li>{$color}</li>
{/foreach}
</ul>
The above example will output:
<ul>
<li>red</li>
<li>green</li>
<li>blue</li>
</ul>
<?php
$people = array('fname' => 'John', 'lname' => 'Doe', 'email' => 'j.doe@example.com');
$smarty->assign('myPeople', $people);
?>
Template to output `$myArray` as key/value pairs.
<ul>
{foreach $myPeople as $value}
<li>{$value@key}: {$value}</li>
{/foreach}
</ul>
The above example will output:
<ul>
<li>fname: John</li>
<li>lname: Doe</li>
<li>email: j.doe@example.com</li>
</ul>
Assign an array to Smarty, the key contains the key for each looped
value.
<?php
$smarty->assign('contacts', array(
array('phone' => '555-555-1234',
'fax' => '555-555-5678',
'cell' => '555-555-0357'),
array('phone' => '800-555-4444',
'fax' => '800-555-3333',
'cell' => '800-555-2222')
));
?>
The template to output `$contact`.
{* key always available as a property *}
{foreach $contacts as $contact}
{foreach $contact as $value}
{$value@key}: {$value}
{/foreach}
{/foreach}
{* accessing key the PHP syntax alternate *}
{foreach $contacts as $contact}
{foreach $contact as $key => $value}
{$key}: {$value}
{/foreach}
{/foreach}
Either of the above examples will output:
phone: 555-555-1234
fax: 555-555-5678
cell: 555-555-0357
phone: 800-555-4444
fax: 800-555-3333
cell: 800-555-2222
A database (PDO) example of looping over search results. This example is
looping over a PHP iterator instead of an array().
<?php
include('Smarty.class.php');
$smarty = new Smarty;
$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test';
$login = 'test';
$passwd = 'test';
// setting PDO to use buffered queries in mysql is
// important if you plan on using multiple result cursors
// in the template.
$db = new PDO($dsn, $login, $passwd, array(
PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_USE_BUFFERED_QUERY => true));
$res = $db->prepare("select * from users");
$res->execute();
$res->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_LAZY);
// assign to smarty
$smarty->assign('res',$res);
$smarty->display('index.tpl');?>
?>
{foreach $res as $r}
{$r.id}
{$r.name}
{foreachelse}
.. no results ..
{/foreach}
The above is assuming the results contain the columns named `id` and
`name`.
What is the advantage of an iterator vs. looping over a plain old array?
With an array, all the results are accumulated into memory before being
looped. With an iterator, each result is loaded/released within the
loop. This saves processing time and memory, especially for very large
result sets.
\@index {#foreach.property.index}
-------
`index` contains the current array index, starting with zero.
{* output empty row on the 4th iteration (when index is 3) *}
<table>
{foreach $items as $i}
{if $i@index eq 3}
{* put empty table row *}
<tr><td>nbsp;</td></tr>
{/if}
<tr><td>{$i.label}</td></tr>
{/foreach}
</table>
\@iteration {#foreach.property.iteration}
-----------
`iteration` contains the current loop iteration and always starts at
one, unlike [`index`](#foreach.property.index). It is incremented by one
on each iteration.
The *\"is div by\"* operator can be used to detect a specific iteration.
Here we bold-face the name every 4th iteration.
{foreach $myNames as $name}
{if $name@iteration is div by 4}
<b>{$name}</b>
{/if}
{$name}
{/foreach}
The *\"is even by\"* and *\"is odd by\"* operators can be used to
alternate something every so many iterations. Choosing between even or
odd rotates which one starts. Here we switch the font color every 3rd
iteration.
{foreach $myNames as $name}
{if $name@iteration is even by 3}
<span style="color: #000">{$name}</span>
{else}
<span style="color: #eee">{$name}</span>
{/if}
{/foreach}
This will output something similar to this:
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #000">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
<span style="color: #eee">...</span>
...
\@first {#foreach.property.first}
-------
`first` is TRUE if the current `{foreach}` iteration is the initial one.
Here we display a table header row on the first iteration.
{* show table header at first iteration *}
<table>
{foreach $items as $i}
{if $i@first}
<tr>
<th>key</td>
<th>name</td>
</tr>
{/if}
<tr>
<td>{$i@key}</td>
<td>{$i.name}</td>
</tr>
{/foreach}
</table>
\@last {#foreach.property.last}
------
`last` is set to TRUE if the current `{foreach}` iteration is the final
one. Here we display a horizontal rule on the last iteration.
{* Add horizontal rule at end of list *}
{foreach $items as $item}
<a href="#{$item.id}">{$item.name}</a>{if $item@last}<hr>{else},{/if}
{foreachelse}
... no items to loop ...
{/foreach}
\@show {#foreach.property.show}
------
The show `show` property can be used after the execution of a
`{foreach}` loop to detect if data has been displayed or not. `show` is
a boolean value.
<ul>
{foreach $myArray as $name}
<li>{$name}</li>
{/foreach}
</ul>
{if $name@show} do something here if the array contained data {/if}
\@total {#foreach.property.total}
-------
`total` contains the number of iterations that this `{foreach}` will
loop. This can be used inside or after the `{foreach}`.
{* show number of rows at end *}
{foreach $items as $item}
{$item.name}<hr/>
{if $item@last}
<div id="total">{$item@total} items</div>
{/if}
{foreachelse}
... no items to loop ...
{/foreach}
See also [`{section}`](#language.function.section),
[`{for}`](#language.function.for) and
[`{while}`](#language.function.while)
{break} {#foreach.construct.break}
-------
`{break}` aborts the iteration of the array
{$data = [1,2,3,4,5]}
{foreach $data as $value}
{if $value == 3}
{* abort iterating the array *}
{break}
{/if}
{$value}
{/foreach}
{*
prints: 1 2
*}
{continue} {#foreach.construct.continue}
----------
`{continue}` leaves the current iteration and begins with the next
iteration.
{$data = [1,2,3,4,5]}
{foreach $data as $value}
{if $value == 3}
{* skip this iteration *}
{continue}
{/if}
{$value}
{/foreach}
{*
prints: 1 2 4 5
*}

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{function} {#language.function.function}
==========
`{function}` is used to create functions within a template and call them
just like a plugin function. Instead of writing a plugin that generates
presentational content, keeping it in the template is often a more
manageable choice. It also simplifies data traversal, such as deeply
nested menus.
> **Note**
>
> Template functions are defined global. Since the Smarty compiler is a
> single-pass compiler, The [`{call}`](#language.function.call) tag must
> be used to call a template function defined externally from the given
> template. Otherwise you can directly use the function as
> `{funcname ...}` in the template.
- The `{function}` tag must have the `name` attribute which contains
the the name of the template function. A tag with this name can be
used to call the template function.
- Default values for variables can be passed to the template function
as [attributes](#language.syntax.attributes). Like in PHP function
declarations you can only use scalar values as default. The default
values can be overwritten when the template function is being
called.
- You can use all variables from the calling template inside the
template function. Changes to variables or new created variables
inside the template function have local scope and are not visible
inside the calling template after the template function is executed.
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
name string Yes *n/a* The name of the template function
\[var \...\] \[var type\] No *n/a* default variable value to pass local to the template function
> **Note**
>
> You can pass any number of parameter to the template function when it
> is called. The parameter variables must not be declared in the
> `{funcname ...}` tag unless you what to use default values. Default
> values must be scalar and can not be variable. Variables must be
> passed when the template is called.
{* define the function *}
{function name=menu level=0}
{function menu level=0} {* short-hand *}
<ul class="level{$level}">
{foreach $data as $entry}
{if is_array($entry)}
<li>{$entry@key}</li>
{menu data=$entry level=$level+1}
{else}
<li>{$entry}</li>
{/if}
{/foreach}
</ul>
{/function}
{* create an array to demonstrate *}
{$menu = ['item1','item2','item3' => ['item3-1','item3-2','item3-3' =>
['item3-3-1','item3-3-2']],'item4']}
{* run the array through the function *}
{menu data=$menu}
Will generate the following output
* item1
* item2
* item3
o item3-1
o item3-2
o item3-3
+ item3-3-1
+ item3-3-2
* item4
See also [`{call}`](#language.function.call)

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{if},{elseif},{else} {#language.function.if}
====================
`{if}` statements in Smarty have much the same flexibility as PHP
[if](&url.php-manual;if) statements, with a few added features for the
template engine. Every `{if}` must be paired with a matching `{/if}`.
`{else}` and `{elseif}` are also permitted. All PHP conditionals and
functions are recognized, such as *\|\|*, *or*, *&&*, *and*,
*is\_array()*, etc.
If securty is enabled, only PHP functions from `$php_functions` property
of the securty policy are allowed. See the
[Security](#advanced.features.security) section for details.
The following is a list of recognized qualifiers, which must be
separated from surrounding elements by spaces. Note that items listed in
\[brackets\] are optional. PHP equivalents are shown where applicable.
Qualifier Alternates Syntax Example Meaning PHP Equivalent
-------------------- ------------ ------------------------ -------------------------------- ----------------------
== eq \$a eq \$b equals ==
!= ne, neq \$a neq \$b not equals !=
\> gt \$a gt \$b greater than \>
\< lt \$a lt \$b less than \<
\>= gte, ge \$a ge \$b greater than or equal \>=
\<= lte, le \$a le \$b less than or equal \<=
=== \$a === 0 check for identity ===
! not not \$a negation (unary) !
\% mod \$a mod \$b modulous \%
is \[not\] div by \$a is not div by 4 divisible by \$a % \$b == 0
is \[not\] even \$a is not even \[not\] an even number (unary) \$a % 2 == 0
is \[not\] even by \$a is not even by \$b grouping level \[not\] even (\$a / \$b) % 2 == 0
is \[not\] odd \$a is not odd \[not\] an odd number (unary) \$a % 2 != 0
is \[not\] odd by \$a is not odd by \$b \[not\] an odd grouping (\$a / \$b) % 2 != 0
{if $name eq 'Fred'}
Welcome Sir.
{elseif $name eq 'Wilma'}
Welcome Ma'am.
{else}
Welcome, whatever you are.
{/if}
{* an example with "or" logic *}
{if $name eq 'Fred' or $name eq 'Wilma'}
...
{/if}
{* same as above *}
{if $name == 'Fred' || $name == 'Wilma'}
...
{/if}
{* parenthesis are allowed *}
{if ( $amount < 0 or $amount > 1000 ) and $volume >= #minVolAmt#}
...
{/if}
{* you can also embed php function calls *}
{if count($var) gt 0}
...
{/if}
{* check for array. *}
{if is_array($foo) }
.....
{/if}
{* check for not null. *}
{if isset($foo) }
.....
{/if}
{* test if values are even or odd *}
{if $var is even}
...
{/if}
{if $var is odd}
...
{/if}
{if $var is not odd}
...
{/if}
{* test if var is divisible by 4 *}
{if $var is div by 4}
...
{/if}
{*
test if var is even, grouped by two. i.e.,
0=even, 1=even, 2=odd, 3=odd, 4=even, 5=even, etc.
*}
{if $var is even by 2}
...
{/if}
{* 0=even, 1=even, 2=even, 3=odd, 4=odd, 5=odd, etc. *}
{if $var is even by 3}
...
{/if}
{if isset($name) && $name == 'Blog'}
{* do something *}
{elseif $name == $foo}
{* do something *}
{/if}
{if is_array($foo) && count($foo) > 0}
{* do a foreach loop *}
{/if}

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{include} {#language.function.include}
=========
`{include}` tags are used for including other templates in the current
template. Any variables available in the current template are also
available within the included template.
- The `{include}` tag must have the `file` attribute which contains
the template resource path.
- Setting the optional `assign` attribute specifies the template
variable that the output of `{include}` is assigned to, instead of
being displayed. Similar to [`{assign}`](#language.function.assign).
- Variables can be passed to included templates as
[attributes](#language.syntax.attributes). Any variables explicitly
passed to an included template are only available within the scope
of the included file. Attribute variables override current template
variables, in the case when they are named the same.
- You can use all variables from the including template inside the
included template. But changes to variables or new created variables
inside the included template have local scope and are not visible
inside the including template after the `{include}` statement. This
default behaviour can be changed for all variables assigned in the
included template by using the scope attribute at the `{include}`
statement or for individual variables by using the scope attribute
at the [`{assign}`](#language.function.assign) statement. The later
is useful to return values from the included template to the
including template.
- Use the syntax for [template resources](#resources) to `{include}`
files outside of the [`$template_dir`](#variable.template.dir)
directory.
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
----------------- ---------------- ---------- --------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
file string Yes *n/a* The name of the template file to include
assign string No *n/a* The name of the variable that the output of include will be assigned to
cache\_lifetime integer No *n/a* Enable caching of this subtemplate with an individual cache lifetime
compile\_id string/integer No *n/a* Compile this subtemplate with an individual compile\_id
cache\_id string/integer No *n/a* Enable caching of this subtemplate with an individual cache\_id
scope string No *n/a* Define the scope of all in the subtemplate assigned variables: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\'
\[var \...\] \[var type\] No *n/a* variable to pass local to template
**Option Flags:**
Name Description
--------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nocache Disables caching of this subtemplate
caching Enable caching of this subtemplate
inline If set merge the compile code of the subtemplate into the compiled calling template
<html>
<head>
<title>{$title}</title>
</head>
<body>
{include file='page_header.tpl'}
{* body of template goes here, the $tpl_name variable
is replaced with a value eg 'contact.tpl'
*}
{include file="$tpl_name.tpl"}
{* using shortform file attribute *}
{include 'page_footer.tpl'}
</body>
</html>
{include 'links.tpl' title='Newest links' links=$link_array}
{* body of template goes here *}
{include 'footer.tpl' foo='bar'}
The template above includes the example `links.tpl` below
<div id="box">
<h3>{$title}{/h3>
<ul>
{foreach from=$links item=l}
.. do stuff ...
</foreach}
</ul>
</div>
Variables assigned in the included template will be seen in the
including template.
{include 'sub_template.tpl' scope=parent}
...
{* display variables assigned in sub_template *}
{$foo}<br>
{$bar}<br>
...
The template above includes the example `sub_template.tpl` below
...
{assign var=foo value='something'}
{assign var=bar value='value'}
...
The included template will not be cached.
{include 'sub_template.tpl' nocache}
...
In this example included template will be cached with an individual
cache lifetime of 500 seconds.
{include 'sub_template.tpl' cache_lifetime=500}
...
In this example included template will be cached independent of the
global caching setting.
{include 'sub_template.tpl' caching}
...
This example assigns the contents of `nav.tpl` to the `$navbar`
variable, which is then output at both the top and bottom of the page.
<body>
{include 'nav.tpl' assign=navbar}
{include 'header.tpl' title='Smarty is cool'}
{$navbar}
{* body of template goes here *}
{$navbar}
{include 'footer.tpl'}
</body>
This example includes another template relative to the directory of the
current template.
{include 'template-in-a-template_dir-directory.tpl'}
{include './template-in-same-directory.tpl'}
{include '../template-in-parent-directory.tpl'}
{* absolute filepath *}
{include file='/usr/local/include/templates/header.tpl'}
{* absolute filepath (same thing) *}
{include file='file:/usr/local/include/templates/header.tpl'}
{* windows absolute filepath (MUST use "file:" prefix) *}
{include file='file:C:/www/pub/templates/header.tpl'}
{* include from template resource named "db" *}
{include file='db:header.tpl'}
{* include a $variable template - eg $module = 'contacts' *}
{include file="$module.tpl"}
{* wont work as its single quotes ie no variable substitution *}
{include file='$module.tpl'}
{* include a multi $variable template - eg amber/links.view.tpl *}
{include file="$style_dir/$module.$view.tpl"}
See also [`{insert}`](#language.function.insert), [template resources](#resources) and
[componentized templates](#tips.componentized.templates).

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{insert} {#language.function.insert}
========
> **Note**
>
> `{insert}` tags are deprecated from Smarty, and should not be used.
> Put your PHP logic in PHP scripts or plugin functions instead.
> **Note**
>
> As of Smarty 3.1 the `{insert}` tags are only available from
> [SmartyBC](#bc).
`{insert}` tags work much like [`{include}`](#language.function.include)
tags, except that `{insert}` tags are NOT cached when template
[caching](#caching) is enabled. They will be executed on every
invocation of the template.
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------------- ---------- --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
name string Yes *n/a* The name of the insert function (insert\_`name`) or insert plugin
assign string No *n/a* The name of the template variable the output will be assigned to
script string No *n/a* The name of the php script that is included before the insert function is called
\[var \...\] \[var type\] No *n/a* variable to pass to insert function
Let\'s say you have a template with a banner slot at the top of the
page. The banner can contain any mixture of HTML, images, flash, etc. so
we can\'t just use a static link here, and we don\'t want this contents
cached with the page. In comes the {insert} tag: the template knows
\#banner\_location\_id\# and \#site\_id\# values (gathered from a
[config file](#config.files)), and needs to call a function to get the
banner contents.
{* example of fetching a banner *}
{insert name="getBanner" lid=#banner_location_id# sid=#site_id#}
{insert "getBanner" lid=#banner_location_id# sid=#site_id#} {* short-hand *}
In this example, we are using the name "getBanner" and passing the
parameters \#banner\_location\_id\# and \#site\_id\#. Smarty will look
for a function named insert\_getBanner() in your PHP application,
passing the values of \#banner\_location\_id\# and \#site\_id\# as the
first argument in an associative array. All {insert} function names in
your application must be prepended with \"insert\_\" to remedy possible
function name-space conflicts. Your insert\_getBanner() function should
do something with the passed values and return the results. These
results are then displayed in the template in place of the {insert} tag.
In this example, Smarty would call this function:
insert\_getBanner(array(\"lid\" =\> \"12345\",\"sid\" =\> \"67890\"));
and display the returned results in place of the {insert} tag.
- If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{insert}`
tag will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
output to the template.
> **Note**
>
> Assigning the output to a template variable isn\'t too useful with
> [caching](#variable.caching) enabled.
- If you supply the `script` attribute, this php script will be
included (only once) before the `{insert}` function is executed.
This is the case where the insert function may not exist yet, and a
php script must be included first to make it work.
The path can be either absolute, or relative to
[`$trusted_dir`](#variable.trusted.dir). If security is enabled,
then the script must be located in the `$trusted_dir` path of the
security policy. See the [Security](#advanced.features.security)
section for details.
The Smarty object is passed as the second argument. This way you can
reference and modify information in the Smarty object from within the
`{insert}` function.
If no PHP script can be found Smarty is looking for a corresponding
insert plugin.
> **Note**
>
> It is possible to have portions of the template not cached. If you
> have [caching](#caching) turned on, `{insert}` tags will not be
> cached. They will run dynamically every time the page is created, even
> within cached pages. This works good for things like banners, polls,
> live weather, search results, user feedback areas, etc.
See also [`{include}`](#language.function.include)

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{ldelim},{rdelim} {#language.function.ldelim}
=================
`{ldelim}` and `{rdelim}` are used for [escaping](#language.escaping)
template delimiters, by default **{** and **}**. You can also use
[`{literal}{/literal}`](#language.function.literal) to escape blocks of
text eg Javascript or CSS. See also the complementary
[`{$smarty.ldelim}`](#language.variables.smarty.ldelim).
{* this will print literal delimiters out of the template *}
{ldelim}funcname{rdelim} is how functions look in Smarty!
The above example will output:
{funcname} is how functions look in Smarty!
Another example with some Javascript
<script language="JavaScript">
function foo() {ldelim}
... code ...
{rdelim}
</script>
will output
<script language="JavaScript">
function foo() {
.... code ...
}
</script>
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
function myJsFunction(){ldelim}
alert("The server name\n{$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME}\n{$smarty.server.SERVER_ADDR}");
{rdelim}
</script>
<a href="javascript:myJsFunction()">Click here for Server Info</a>
See also [`{literal}`](#language.function.literal) and [escaping Smarty
parsing](#language.escaping).

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{literal} {#language.function.literal}
=========
`{literal}` tags allow a block of data to be taken literally. This is
typically used around Javascript or stylesheet blocks where {curly
braces} would interfere with the template
[delimiter](#variable.left.delimiter) syntax. Anything within
`{literal}{/literal}` tags is not interpreted, but displayed as-is. If
you need template tags embedded in a `{literal}` block, consider using
[`{ldelim}{rdelim}`](#language.function.ldelim) to escape the individual
delimiters instead.
> **Note**
>
> `{literal}{/literal}` tags are normally not necessary, as Smarty
> ignores delimiters that are surrounded by whitespace. Be sure your
> javascript and CSS curly braces are surrounded by whitespace. This is
> new behavior to Smarty 3.
<script>
// the following braces are ignored by Smarty
// since they are surrounded by whitespace
function myFoo {
alert('Foo!');
}
// this one will need literal escapement
{literal}
function myBar {alert('Bar!');}
{/literal}
</script>
See also [`{ldelim} {rdelim}`](#language.function.ldelim) and the
[escaping Smarty parsing](#language.escaping) page.

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{nocache} {#language.function.nocache}
=========
`{nocache}` is used to disable caching of a template section. Every
`{nocache}` must be paired with a matching `{/nocache}`.
> **Note**
>
> Be sure any variables used within a non-cached section are also
> assigned from PHP when the page is loaded from the cache.
Today's date is
{nocache}
{$smarty.now|date_format}
{/nocache}
The above code will output the current date on a cached page.
See also the [caching section](#caching).

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{section},{sectionelse} {#language.function.section}
=======================
A `{section}` is for looping over **sequentially indexed arrays of
data**, unlike [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach) which is used
to loop over a **single associative array**. Every `{section}` tag must
be paired with a closing `{/section}` tag.
> **Note**
>
> The [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach) loop can do everything a
> {section} loop can do, and has a simpler and easier syntax. It is
> usually preferred over the {section} loop.
> **Note**
>
> {section} loops cannot loop over associative arrays, they must be
> numerically indexed, and sequential (0,1,2,\...). For associative
> arrays, use the [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach) loop.
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- --------- ---------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
name string Yes *n/a* The name of the section
loop mixed Yes *n/a* Value to determine the number of loop iterations
start integer No *0* The index position that the section will begin looping. If the value is negative, the start position is calculated from the end of the array. For example, if there are seven values in the loop array and start is -2, the start index is 5. Invalid values (values outside of the length of the loop array) are automatically truncated to the closest valid value.
step integer No *1* The step value that will be used to traverse the loop array. For example, step=2 will loop on index 0,2,4, etc. If step is negative, it will step through the array backwards.
max integer No *n/a* Sets the maximum number of times the section will loop.
show boolean No *TRUE* Determines whether or not to show this section
**Option Flags:**
Name Description
--------- ------------------------------------------
nocache Disables caching of the `{section}` loop
- Required attributes are `name` and `loop`.
- The `name` of the `{section}` can be anything you like, made up of
letters, numbers and underscores, like [PHP
variables](&url.php-manual;language.variables).
- {section}\'s can be nested, and the nested `{section}` names must be
unique from each other.
- The `loop` attribute, usually an array of values, determines the
number of times the `{section}` will loop. You can also pass an
integer as the loop value.
- When printing a variable within a `{section}`, the `{section}`
`name` must be given next to variable name within \[brackets\].
- `{sectionelse}` is executed when there are no values in the loop
variable.
- A `{section}` also has its own variables that handle `{section}`
properties. These properties are accessible as:
[`{$smarty.section.name.property}`](#language.variables.smarty.loops)
where "name" is the attribute `name`.
- `{section}` properties are [`index`](#section.property.index),
[`index_prev`](#section.property.index.prev),
[`index_next`](#section.property.index.next),
[`iteration`](#section.property.iteration),
[`first`](#section.property.first),
[`last`](#section.property.last),
[`rownum`](#section.property.rownum),
[`loop`](#section.property.loop), [`show`](#section.property.show),
[`total`](#section.property.total).
[`assign()`](#api.assign) an array to Smarty
<?php
$data = array(1000,1001,1002);
$smarty->assign('custid',$data);
?>
The template that outputs the array
{* this example will print out all the values of the $custid array *}
{section name=customer loop=$custid}
{section customer $custid} {* short-hand *}
id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
{/section}
<hr />
{* print out all the values of the $custid array reversed *}
{section name=foo loop=$custid step=-1}
{section foo $custid step=-1} {* short-hand *}
{$custid[foo]}<br />
{/section}
The above example will output:
id: 1000<br />
id: 1001<br />
id: 1002<br />
<hr />
id: 1002<br />
id: 1001<br />
id: 1000<br />
{section name=foo start=10 loop=20 step=2}
{$smarty.section.foo.index}
{/section}
<hr />
{section name=bar loop=21 max=6 step=-2}
{$smarty.section.bar.index}
{/section}
The above example will output:
10 12 14 16 18
<hr />
20 18 16 14 12 10
The `name` of the `{section}` can be anything you like, see [PHP
variables](&url.php-manual;language.variables). It is used to reference
the data within the `{section}`.
{section name=anything loop=$myArray}
{$myArray[anything].foo}
{$name[anything]}
{$address[anything].bar}
{/section}
This is an example of printing an associative array of data with a
`{section}`. Following is the php script to assign the `$contacts` array
to Smarty.
<?php
$data = array(
array('name' => 'John Smith', 'home' => '555-555-5555',
'cell' => '666-555-5555', 'email' => 'john@myexample.com'),
array('name' => 'Jack Jones', 'home' => '777-555-5555',
'cell' => '888-555-5555', 'email' => 'jack@myexample.com'),
array('name' => 'Jane Munson', 'home' => '000-555-5555',
'cell' => '123456', 'email' => 'jane@myexample.com')
);
$smarty->assign('contacts',$data);
?>
The template to output `$contacts`
{section name=customer loop=$contacts}
<p>
name: {$contacts[customer].name}<br />
home: {$contacts[customer].home}<br />
cell: {$contacts[customer].cell}<br />
e-mail: {$contacts[customer].email}
</p>
{/section}
The above example will output:
<p>
name: John Smith<br />
home: 555-555-5555<br />
cell: 666-555-5555<br />
e-mail: john@myexample.com
</p>
<p>
name: Jack Jones<br />
home phone: 777-555-5555<br />
cell phone: 888-555-5555<br />
e-mail: jack@myexample.com
</p>
<p>
name: Jane Munson<br />
home phone: 000-555-5555<br />
cell phone: 123456<br />
e-mail: jane@myexample.com
</p>
This example assumes that `$custid`, `$name` and `$address` are all
arrays containing the same number of values. First the php script that
assign\'s the arrays to Smarty.
<?php
$id = array(1001,1002,1003);
$smarty->assign('custid',$id);
$fullnames = array('John Smith','Jack Jones','Jane Munson');
$smarty->assign('name',$fullnames);
$addr = array('253 Abbey road', '417 Mulberry ln', '5605 apple st');
$smarty->assign('address',$addr);
?>
The `loop` variable only determines the number of times to loop. You can
access ANY variable from the template within the `{section}`. This is
useful for looping multiple arrays. You can pass an array which will
determine the loop count by the array size, or you can pass an integer
to specify the number of loops.
{section name=customer loop=$custid}
<p>
id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
name: {$name[customer]}<br />
address: {$address[customer]}
</p>
{/section}
The above example will output:
<p>
id: 1000<br />
name: John Smith<br />
address: 253 Abbey road
</p>
<p>
id: 1001<br />
name: Jack Jones<br />
address: 417 Mulberry ln
</p>
<p>
id: 1002<br />
name: Jane Munson<br />
address: 5605 apple st
</p>
{section}\'s can be nested as deep as you like. With nested
{section}\'s, you can access complex data structures, such as
multi-dimensional arrays. This is an example `.php` script that
assigns the arrays.
<?php
$id = array(1001,1002,1003);
$smarty->assign('custid',$id);
$fullnames = array('John Smith','Jack Jones','Jane Munson');
$smarty->assign('name',$fullnames);
$addr = array('253 N 45th', '417 Mulberry ln', '5605 apple st');
$smarty->assign('address',$addr);
$types = array(
array( 'home phone', 'cell phone', 'e-mail'),
array( 'home phone', 'web'),
array( 'cell phone')
);
$smarty->assign('contact_type', $types);
$info = array(
array('555-555-5555', '666-555-5555', 'john@myexample.com'),
array( '123-456-4', 'www.example.com'),
array( '0457878')
);
$smarty->assign('contact_info', $info);
?>
In this template, *\$contact\_type\[customer\]* is an array of contact
types for the current customer.
{section name=customer loop=$custid}
<hr>
id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
name: {$name[customer]}<br />
address: {$address[customer]}<br />
{section name=contact loop=$contact_type[customer]}
{$contact_type[customer][contact]}: {$contact_info[customer][contact]}<br />
{/section}
{/section}
The above example will output:
<hr>
id: 1000<br />
name: John Smith<br />
address: 253 N 45th<br />
home phone: 555-555-5555<br />
cell phone: 666-555-5555<br />
e-mail: john@myexample.com<br />
<hr>
id: 1001<br />
name: Jack Jones<br />
address: 417 Mulberry ln<br />
home phone: 123-456-4<br />
web: www.example.com<br />
<hr>
id: 1002<br />
name: Jane Munson<br />
address: 5605 apple st<br />
cell phone: 0457878<br />
Results of a database search (eg ADODB or PEAR) are assigned to Smarty
<?php
$sql = 'select id, name, home, cell, email from contacts '
."where name like '$foo%' ";
$smarty->assign('contacts', $db->getAll($sql));
?>
The template to output the database result in a HTML table
<table>
<tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>Name></th><th>Home</th><th>Cell</th><th>Email</th></tr>
{section name=co loop=$contacts}
<tr>
<td><a href="view.php?id={$contacts[co].id}">view<a></td>
<td>{$contacts[co].name}</td>
<td>{$contacts[co].home}</td>
<td>{$contacts[co].cell}</td>
<td>{$contacts[co].email}</td>
<tr>
{sectionelse}
<tr><td colspan="5">No items found</td></tr>
{/section}
</table>
.index {#section.property.index}
------
`index` contains the current array index, starting with zero or the
`start` attribute if given. It increments by one or by the `step`
attribute if given.
> **Note**
>
> If the `step` and `start` properties are not modified, then this works
> the same as the [`iteration`](#section.property.iteration) property,
> except it starts at zero instead of one.
> **Note**
>
> `$custid[customer.index]` and `$custid[customer]` are identical.
{section name=customer loop=$custid}
{$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
{/section}
The above example will output:
0 id: 1000<br />
1 id: 1001<br />
2 id: 1002<br />
.index\_prev {#section.property.index.prev}
------------
`index_prev` is the previous loop index. On the first loop, this is set
to -1.
.index\_next {#section.property.index.next}
------------
`index_next` is the next loop index. On the last loop, this is still one
more than the current index, respecting the setting of the `step`
attribute, if given.
<?php
$data = array(1001,1002,1003,1004,1005);
$smarty->assign('rows',$data);
?>
Template to output the above array in a table
{* $rows[row.index] and $rows[row] are identical in meaning *}
<table>
<tr>
<th>index</th><th>id</th>
<th>index_prev</th><th>prev_id</th>
<th>index_next</th><th>next_id</th>
</tr>
{section name=row loop=$rows}
<tr>
<td>{$smarty.section.row.index}</td><td>{$rows[row]}</td>
<td>{$smarty.section.row.index_prev}</td><td>{$rows[row.index_prev]}</td>
<td>{$smarty.section.row.index_next}</td><td>{$rows[row.index_next]}</td>
</tr>
{/section}
</table>
The above example will output a table containing the following:
index id index_prev prev_id index_next next_id
0 1001 -1 1 1002
1 1002 0 1001 2 1003
2 1003 1 1002 3 1004
3 1004 2 1003 4 1005
4 1005 3 1004 5
.iteration {#section.property.iteration}
----------
`iteration` contains the current loop iteration and starts at one.
> **Note**
>
> This is not affected by the `{section}` properties `start`, `step` and
> `max`, unlike the [`index`](#section.property.index) property.
> `iteration` also starts with one instead of zero unlike `index`.
> [`rownum`](#section.property.rownum) is an alias to `iteration`, they
> are identical.
<?php
// array of 3000 to 3015
$id = range(3000,3015);
$smarty->assign('arr',$id);
?>
Template to output every other element of the `$arr` array as `step=2`
{section name=cu loop=$arr start=5 step=2}
iteration={$smarty.section.cu.iteration}
index={$smarty.section.cu.index}
id={$custid[cu]}<br />
{/section}
The above example will output:
iteration=1 index=5 id=3005<br />
iteration=2 index=7 id=3007<br />
iteration=3 index=9 id=3009<br />
iteration=4 index=11 id=3011<br />
iteration=5 index=13 id=3013<br />
iteration=6 index=15 id=3015<br />
Another example that uses the `iteration` property to output a table
header block every five rows.
<table>
{section name=co loop=$contacts}
{if $smarty.section.co.iteration is div by 5}
<tr><th>&nbsp;</th><th>Name></th><th>Home</th><th>Cell</th><th>Email</th></tr>
{/if}
<tr>
<td><a href="view.php?id={$contacts[co].id}">view<a></td>
<td>{$contacts[co].name}</td>
<td>{$contacts[co].home}</td>
<td>{$contacts[co].cell}</td>
<td>{$contacts[co].email}</td>
<tr>
{/section}
</table>
An that uses the `iteration` property to alternate a text color every
third row.
<table>
{section name=co loop=$contacts}
{if $smarty.section.co.iteration is even by 3}
<span style="color: #ffffff">{$contacts[co].name}</span>
{else}
<span style="color: #dddddd">{$contacts[co].name}</span>
{/if}
{/section}
</table>
> **Note**
>
> The *\"is div by\"* syntax is a simpler alternative to the PHP mod
> operator syntax. The mod operator is allowed:
> `{if $smarty.section.co.iteration % 5 == 1}` will work just the same.
> **Note**
>
> You can also use *\"is odd by\"* to reverse the alternating.
.first {#section.property.first}
------
`first` is set to TRUE if the current `{section}` iteration is the
initial one.
.last {#section.property.last}
-----
`last` is set to TRUE if the current section iteration is the final one.
This example loops the `$customers` array, outputs a header block on the
first iteration and on the last outputs the footer block. Also uses the
[`total`](#section.property.total) property.
{section name=customer loop=$customers}
{if $smarty.section.customer.first}
<table>
<tr><th>id</th><th>customer</th></tr>
{/if}
<tr>
<td>{$customers[customer].id}}</td>
<td>{$customers[customer].name}</td>
</tr>
{if $smarty.section.customer.last}
<tr><td></td><td>{$smarty.section.customer.total} customers</td></tr>
</table>
{/if}
{/section}
.rownum {#section.property.rownum}
-------
`rownum` contains the current loop iteration, starting with one. It is
an alias to [`iteration`](#section.property.iteration), they work
identically.
.loop {#section.property.loop}
-----
`loop` contains the last index number that this {section} looped. This
can be used inside or after the `{section}`.
{section name=customer loop=$custid}
{$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
{/section}
There are {$smarty.section.customer.loop} customers shown above.
The above example will output:
0 id: 1000<br />
1 id: 1001<br />
2 id: 1002<br />
There are 3 customers shown above.
.show {#section.property.show}
-----
`show` is used as a parameter to section and is a boolean value. If
FALSE, the section will not be displayed. If there is a `{sectionelse}`
present, that will be alternately displayed.
Boolean `$show_customer_info` has been passed from the PHP application,
to regulate whether or not this section shows.
{section name=customer loop=$customers show=$show_customer_info}
{$smarty.section.customer.rownum} id: {$customers[customer]}<br />
{/section}
{if $smarty.section.customer.show}
the section was shown.
{else}
the section was not shown.
{/if}
The above example will output:
1 id: 1000<br />
2 id: 1001<br />
3 id: 1002<br />
the section was shown.
.total {#section.property.total}
------
`total` contains the number of iterations that this `{section}` will
loop. This can be used inside or after a `{section}`.
{section name=customer loop=$custid step=2}
{$smarty.section.customer.index} id: {$custid[customer]}<br />
{/section}
There are {$smarty.section.customer.total} customers shown above.
See also [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach),
[`{for}`](#language.function.for), [`{while}`](#language.function.while)
and [`$smarty.section`](#language.variables.smarty.loops).

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{setfilter} {#language.function.setfilter}
===========
The `{setfilter}...{/setfilter}` block tag allows the definition of
template instance\'s variable filters.
SYNTAX: {setfilter filter1\|filter2\|filter3\....}\...{/setfilter}
The filter can be:
- A variable filter plugin specified by it\'s name.
- A modifier specified by it\'s name and optional additional
parameter.
`{setfilter}...{/setfilter}` blocks can be nested. The filter definition
of inner blocks does replace the definition of the outer block.
Template instance filters run in addition to other modifiers and
filters. They run in the following order: modifier, default\_modifier,
\$escape\_html, registered variable filters, autoloaded variable
filters, template instance\'s variable filters. Everything after
default\_modifier can be disabled with the `nofilter` flag.
<script>
{setfilter filter1}
{$foo} {* filter1 runs on output of $foo *}
{setfilter filter2|mod:true}
{$bar} {* filter2 and modifier mod runs on output of $bar *}
{/setfilter}
{$buh} {* filter1 runs on output of $buh *}
{/setfilter}
{$blar} {* no template instance filter runs on output of $blar}
</script>
> **Note**
>
> The setting of template instance filters does not effect the output of
> included subtemplates.

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{\$var=\...} {#language.function.shortform.assign}
============
This is a short-hand version of the {assign} function. You can assign
values directly to the template, or assign values to array elements too.
> **Note**
>
> Assignment of variables in-template is essentially placing application
> logic into the presentation that may be better handled in PHP. Use at
> your own discretion.
The following attributes can be added to the tag:
**Attributes:**
Attribute Name Shorthand Type Required Default Description
---------------- ----------- -------- ---------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
scope n/a string No *n/a* The scope of the assigned variable: \'parent\',\'root\' or \'global\'
**Option Flags:**
Name Description
--------- -----------------------------------------------------
nocache Assigns the variable with the \'nocache\' attribute
{$name='Bob'}
The value of $name is {$name}.
The above example will output:
The value of $name is Bob.
{$running_total=$running_total+$some_array[row].some_value}
{$user.name="Bob"}
{$user.name.first="Bob"}
{$users[]="Bob"}
Variables assigned in the included template will be seen in the
including template.
{include file="sub_template.tpl"}
...
{* display variable assigned in sub_template *}
{$foo}<br>
...
The template above includes the example `sub_template.tpl` below
...
{* foo will be known also in the including template *}
{$foo="something" scope=parent}
{* bar is assigned only local in the including template *}
{$bar="value"}
...
See also [`{assign}`](#language.function.assign) and
[`{append}`](#language.function.append)

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{strip} {#language.function.strip}
=======
Many times web designers run into the issue where white space and
carriage returns affect the output of the rendered HTML (browser
\"features\"), so you must run all your tags together in the template to
get the desired results. This usually ends up in unreadable or
unmanageable templates.
Anything within `{strip}{/strip}` tags are stripped of the extra spaces
or carriage returns at the beginnings and ends of the lines before they
are displayed. This way you can keep your templates readable, and not
worry about extra white space causing problems.
> **Note**
>
> `{strip}{/strip}` does not affect the contents of template variables,
> see the [strip modifier](#language.modifier.strip) instead.
{* the following will be all run into one line upon output *}
{strip}
<table border='0'>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="{$url}">
<font color="red">This is a test</font>
</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
{/strip}
The above example will output:
<table border='0'><tr><td><a href="http://. snipped...</a></td></tr></table>
Notice that in the above example, all the lines begin and end with HTML
tags. Be aware that all the lines are run together. If you have plain
text at the beginning or end of any line, they will be run together, and
may not be desired results.
See also the [`strip`](#language.modifier.strip) modifier.

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{while} {#language.function.while}
=======
`{while}` loops in Smarty have much the same flexibility as PHP
[while](&url.php-manual;while) statements, with a few added features for
the template engine. Every `{while}` must be paired with a matching
`{/while}`. All PHP conditionals and functions are recognized, such as
*\|\|*, *or*, *&&*, *and*, *is\_array()*, etc.
The following is a list of recognized qualifiers, which must be
separated from surrounding elements by spaces. Note that items listed in
\[brackets\] are optional. PHP equivalents are shown where applicable.
Qualifier Alternates Syntax Example Meaning PHP Equivalent
-------------------- ------------ ------------------------ -------------------------------- ----------------------
== eq \$a eq \$b equals ==
!= ne, neq \$a neq \$b not equals !=
\> gt \$a gt \$b greater than \>
\< lt \$a lt \$b less than \<
\>= gte, ge \$a ge \$b greater than or equal \>=
\<= lte, le \$a le \$b less than or equal \<=
=== \$a === 0 check for identity ===
! not not \$a negation (unary) !
\% mod \$a mod \$b modulous \%
is \[not\] div by \$a is not div by 4 divisible by \$a % \$b == 0
is \[not\] even \$a is not even \[not\] an even number (unary) \$a % 2 == 0
is \[not\] even by \$a is not even by \$b grouping level \[not\] even (\$a / \$b) % 2 == 0
is \[not\] odd \$a is not odd \[not\] an odd number (unary) \$a % 2 != 0
is \[not\] odd by \$a is not odd by \$b \[not\] an odd grouping (\$a / \$b) % 2 != 0
{while $foo > 0}
{$foo--}
{/while}
The above example will count down the value of \$foo until 1 is reached.
See also [`{foreach}`](#language.function.foreach),
[`{for}`](#language.function.for) and
[`{section}`](#language.function.section).

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Combining Modifiers {#language.combining.modifiers}
===================
You can apply any number of modifiers to a variable. They will be
applied in the order they are combined, from left to right. They must be
separated with a `|` (pipe) character.
<?php
$smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Smokers are Productive, but Death Cuts Efficiency.');
?>
where template is:
{$articleTitle}
{$articleTitle|upper|spacify}
{$articleTitle|lower|spacify|truncate}
{$articleTitle|lower|truncate:30|spacify}
{$articleTitle|lower|spacify|truncate:30:". . ."}
The above example will output:
Smokers are Productive, but Death Cuts Efficiency.
S M O K E R S A R ....snip.... H C U T S E F F I C I E N C Y .
s m o k e r s a r ....snip.... b u t d e a t h c u t s...
s m o k e r s a r e p r o d u c t i v e , b u t . . .
s m o k e r s a r e p. . .

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Custom Functions {#language.custom.functions}
================
Smarty comes with several custom plugin functions that you can use in
the templates.
## Table of contents
- [{counter}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-counter.md)
- [{cycle}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-cycle.md)
- [{eval}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-eval.md)
- [{fetch}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-fetch.md)
- [{html_checkboxes}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-checkboxes.md)
- [{html_image}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-image.md)
- [{html_options}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-options.md)
- [{html_radios}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-radios.md)
- [{html_select_date}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-date.md)
- [{html_select_time}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-select-time.md)
- [{html_table}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-html-table.md)
- [{mailto}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-mailto.md)
- [{math}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-math.md)
- [{textformat}](./language-custom-functions/language-function-textformat.md)

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{counter} {#language.function.counter}
=========
`{counter}` is used to print out a count. `{counter}` will remember the
count on each iteration. You can adjust the number, the interval and the
direction of the count, as well as determine whether or not to print the
value. You can run multiple counters concurrently by supplying a unique
name for each one. If you do not supply a name, the name "default" will
be used.
If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{counter}`
function will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
output to the template.
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- --------- ---------- ----------- ------------------------------------------------------
name string No *default* The name of the counter
start number No *1* The initial number to start counting from
skip number No *1* The interval to count by
direction string No *up* The direction to count (up/down)
print boolean No *TRUE* Whether or not to print the value
assign string No *n/a* the template variable the output will be assigned to
{* initialize the count *}
{counter start=0 skip=2}<br />
{counter}<br />
{counter}<br />
{counter}<br />
this will output:
0<br />
2<br />
4<br />
6<br />

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{cycle} {#language.function.cycle}
=======
`{cycle}` is used to alternate a set of values. This makes it easy to
for example, alternate between two or more colors in a table, or cycle
through an array of values.
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- --------- ---------- ----------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
name string No *default* The name of the cycle
values mixed Yes *N/A* The values to cycle through, either a comma delimited list (see delimiter attribute), or an array of values
print boolean No *TRUE* Whether to print the value or not
advance boolean No *TRUE* Whether or not to advance to the next value
delimiter string No *,* The delimiter to use in the values attribute
assign string No *n/a* The template variable the output will be assigned to
reset boolean No *FALSE* The cycle will be set to the first value and not advanced
- You can `{cycle}` through more than one set of values in a template
by supplying a `name` attribute. Give each `{cycle}` an unique
`name`.
- You can force the current value not to print with the `print`
attribute set to FALSE. This would be useful for silently skipping a
value.
- The `advance` attribute is used to repeat a value. When set to
FALSE, the next call to `{cycle}` will print the same value.
- If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{cycle}`
function will be assigned to a template variable instead of being
output to the template.
<!-- -->
{section name=rows loop=$data}
<tr class="{cycle values="odd,even"}">
<td>{$data[rows]}</td>
</tr>
{/section}
The above template would output:
<tr class="odd">
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>3</td>
</tr>

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{debug} {#language.function.debug}
=======
`{debug}` dumps the debug console to the page. This works regardless of
the [debug](#chapter.debugging.console) settings in the php script.
Since this gets executed at runtime, this is only able to show the
[assigned](#api.assign) variables; not the templates that are in use.
However, you can see all the currently available variables within the
scope of a template.
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------- ---------- -------------- ---------------------------------
output string No *javascript* output type, html or javascript
See also the [debugging console page](#chapter.debugging.console).

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{eval} {#language.function.eval}
======
`{eval}` is used to evaluate a variable as a template. This can be used
for things like embedding template tags/variables into variables or
tags/variables into config file variables.
If you supply the `assign` attribute, the output of the `{eval}`
function will be assigned to this template variable instead of being
output to the template.
Attribute Name Type Required Default Description
---------------- -------- ---------- --------- ------------------------------------------------------
var mixed Yes *n/a* Variable (or string) to evaluate
assign string No *n/a* The template variable the output will be assigned to
> **Note**
>
> - Evaluated variables are treated the same as templates. They follow
> the same escapement and security features just as if they were
> templates.
>
> - Evaluated variables are compiled on every invocation, the compiled
> versions are not saved! However if you have [caching](#caching)
> enabled, the output will be cached with the rest of the template.
>
> - If the content to evaluate doesn\'t change often, or is used
> repeatedly, consider using
> `{include file="string:{$template_code}"}` instead. This may cache
> the compiled state and thus doesn\'t have to run the (comparably
> slow) compiler on every invocation.
>
The contents of the config file, `setup.conf`.
emphstart = <strong>
emphend = </strong>
title = Welcome to {$company}'s home page!
ErrorCity = You must supply a {#emphstart#}city{#emphend#}.
ErrorState = You must supply a {#emphstart#}state{#emphend#}.
Where the template is:
{config_load file='setup.conf'}
{eval var=$foo}
{eval var=#title#}
{eval var=#ErrorCity#}
{eval var=#ErrorState# assign='state_error'}
{$state_error}
The above template will output:
This is the contents of foo.
Welcome to Foobar Pub & Grill's home page!
You must supply a <strong>city</strong>.
You must supply a <strong>state</strong>.
This outputs the server name (in uppercase) and IP. The assigned
variable `$str` could be from a database query.
<?php
$str = 'The server name is {$smarty.server.SERVER_NAME|upper} '
.'at {$smarty.server.SERVER_ADDR}';
$smarty->assign('foo',$str);
?>
Where the template is:
{eval var=$foo}

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