diff --git a/test/integration/viewer_spec.mjs b/test/integration/viewer_spec.mjs
index 3d7f87192..e0c6937bb 100644
--- a/test/integration/viewer_spec.mjs
+++ b/test/integration/viewer_spec.mjs
@@ -1302,4 +1302,57 @@ describe("PDF viewer", () => {
       );
     });
   });
+
+  describe("Printing can be disallowed for some pdfs (bug 1978985)", () => {
+    let pages;
+
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      pages = await loadAndWait(
+        "print_protection.pdf",
+        "#passwordDialog",
+        null,
+        null,
+        { enablePermissions: true }
+      );
+    });
+
+    afterEach(async () => {
+      await closePages(pages);
+    });
+
+    it("must check that printing is disallowed", async () => {
+      await Promise.all(
+        pages.map(async ([browserName, page]) => {
+          await page.waitForSelector("#printButton", {
+            visible: true,
+          });
+
+          const selector = "#passwordDialog input#password";
+          await page.waitForSelector(selector, { visible: true });
+          await page.type(selector, "1234");
+          await page.click("#passwordDialog button#passwordSubmit");
+
+          await page.waitForSelector(".textLayer .endOfContent");
+
+          // The print button should be hidden.
+          await page.waitForSelector("#printButton", {
+            hidden: true,
+          });
+          await page.waitForSelector("#secondaryPrint", {
+            hidden: true,
+          });
+
+          const hasThrown = await page.evaluate(() => {
+            try {
+              window.print();
+            } catch {
+              return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+          });
+          expect(hasThrown).withContext(`In ${browserName}`).toBeTrue();
+        })
+      );
+    });
+  });
 });
diff --git a/test/pdfs/.gitignore b/test/pdfs/.gitignore
index ff077a83b..233649a1f 100644
--- a/test/pdfs/.gitignore
+++ b/test/pdfs/.gitignore
@@ -738,3 +738,4 @@
 !bug1978317.pdf
 !dates.pdf
 !dates_save.pdf
+!print_protection.pdf
diff --git a/test/pdfs/print_protection.pdf b/test/pdfs/print_protection.pdf
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e40bd77d7
Binary files /dev/null and b/test/pdfs/print_protection.pdf differ
diff --git a/web/app.js b/web/app.js
index 8dd61389b..f48643138 100644
--- a/web/app.js
+++ b/web/app.js
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ const PDFViewerApplication = {
   _caretBrowsing: null,
   _isScrolling: false,
   editorUndoBar: null,
+  _printPermissionPromise: null,
 
   // Called once when the document is loaded.
   async initialize(appConfig) {
@@ -369,6 +370,7 @@ const PDFViewerApplication = {
         enableAutoLinking: x => x === "true",
         enableFakeMLManager: x => x === "true",
         enableGuessAltText: x => x === "true",
+        enablePermissions: x => x === "true",
         enableUpdatedAddImage: x => x === "true",
         highlightEditorColors: x => x,
         maxCanvasPixels: x => parseInt(x),
@@ -407,6 +409,7 @@ const PDFViewerApplication = {
           )
         : new EventBus();
     this.eventBus = AppOptions.eventBus = eventBus;
+
     mlManager?.setEventBus(eventBus, abortSignal);
 
     const overlayManager = (this.overlayManager = new OverlayManager());
@@ -798,9 +801,19 @@ const PDFViewerApplication = {
       });
     }
 
+    const togglePrintingButtons = visible => {
+      appConfig.toolbar?.print?.classList.toggle("hidden", !visible);
+      appConfig.secondaryToolbar?.printButton.classList.toggle(
+        "hidden",
+        !visible
+      );
+    };
     if (!this.supportsPrinting) {
-      appConfig.toolbar?.print?.classList.add("hidden");
-      appConfig.secondaryToolbar?.printButton.classList.add("hidden");
+      togglePrintingButtons(false);
+    } else {
+      eventBus.on("printingallowed", ({ isAllowed }) =>
+        togglePrintingButtons(isAllowed)
+      );
     }
 
     if (!this.supportsFullscreen) {
@@ -1335,6 +1348,25 @@ const PDFViewerApplication = {
   load(pdfDocument) {
     this.pdfDocument = pdfDocument;
 
+    this._printPermissionPromise = new Promise(resolve => {
+      this.eventBus.on(
+        "printingallowed",
+        ({ isAllowed }) => {
+          if (
+            typeof PDFJSDev !== "undefined" &&
+            PDFJSDev.test("MOZCENTRAL") &&
+            !isAllowed
+          ) {
+            window.print = () => {
+              console.warn("Printing is not allowed.");
+            };
+          }
+          resolve(isAllowed);
+        },
+        { once: true }
+      );
+    });
+
     pdfDocument.getDownloadInfo().then(({ length }) => {
       this._contentLength = length; // Ensure that the correct length is used.
       this.loadingBar?.hide();
@@ -1893,7 +1925,7 @@ const PDFViewerApplication = {
       return;
     }
 
-    if (!this.supportsPrinting) {
+    if (!this.supportsPrinting || !this.pdfViewer.printingAllowed) {
       this._otherError("pdfjs-printing-not-supported");
       return;
     }
@@ -1961,8 +1993,8 @@ const PDFViewerApplication = {
     this.pdfPresentationMode?.request();
   },
 
-  triggerPrinting() {
-    if (this.supportsPrinting) {
+  async triggerPrinting() {
+    if (this.supportsPrinting && (await this._printPermissionPromise)) {
       window.print();
     }
   },
diff --git a/web/pdf_print_service.js b/web/pdf_print_service.js
index b4cc80e01..c20f928a9 100644
--- a/web/pdf_print_service.js
+++ b/web/pdf_print_service.js
@@ -256,6 +256,10 @@ window.print = function () {
     dispatchEvent("beforeprint");
   } finally {
     if (!activeService) {
+      if (typeof PDFJSDev !== "undefined" && PDFJSDev.test("TESTING")) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-unsafe-finally
+        throw new Error("window.print() is not supported");
+      }
       console.error("Expected print service to be initialized.");
       ensureOverlay().then(function () {
         overlayManager.closeIfActive(dialog);
diff --git a/web/pdf_viewer.js b/web/pdf_viewer.js
index 896617cc3..99a4c49fc 100644
--- a/web/pdf_viewer.js
+++ b/web/pdf_viewer.js
@@ -254,6 +254,8 @@ class PDFViewer {
 
   #mlManager = null;
 
+  #printingAllowed = true;
+
   #scrollTimeoutId = null;
 
   #switchAnnotationEditorModeAC = null;
@@ -415,6 +417,10 @@ class PDFViewer {
     }
   }
 
+  get printingAllowed() {
+    return this.#printingAllowed;
+  }
+
   get pagesCount() {
     return this._pages.length;
   }
@@ -672,9 +678,23 @@ class PDFViewer {
       textLayerMode: this.#textLayerMode,
     };
     if (!permissions) {
+      this.#printingAllowed = true;
+      this.eventBus.dispatch("printingallowed", {
+        source: this,
+        isAllowed: this.#printingAllowed,
+      });
+
       return params;
     }
 
+    this.#printingAllowed =
+      permissions.includes(PermissionFlag.PRINT_HIGH_QUALITY) ||
+      permissions.includes(PermissionFlag.PRINT);
+    this.eventBus.dispatch("printingallowed", {
+      source: this,
+      isAllowed: this.#printingAllowed,
+    });
+
     if (
       !permissions.includes(PermissionFlag.COPY) &&
       this.#textLayerMode === TextLayerMode.ENABLE
@@ -843,6 +863,8 @@ class PDFViewer {
 
       this.#annotationEditorUIManager?.destroy();
       this.#annotationEditorUIManager = null;
+
+      this.#printingAllowed = true;
     }
 
     this.pdfDocument = pdfDocument;